Gold Marilyn Monroe and Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair Essay

Gold Marilyn Monroe and Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair - Essay Example The essay "Gold Marilyn Monroe and Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair" analyzes wo paintings, Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair by Frida Kahlo and Gold Marilyn Monroe by Andy Warhol. Self-Portrait with Cropped Hair, by Frida Kahlo hangs at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, currently on show among other masterpieces of the time. Kahlo painted this medium-sized canvas in 1940, shortly after her divorce from Diego Rivera. Theirs was a tempestuous relationship, shown by their remarriage the following year and the content of this picture, which shows Kahlo after she sheared off most of her long hair . Many art critics have opinions about why she painted herself in such a masculine way: short hair, man’s suit, unladylike posture. It is perhaps to state that after her husband’s infidelity with her own sister Cristina, she was making herself unattractive, unfeminine and unapproachable. Others say she always had masculine tendencies, shown by her relationships with women. The tru th lies somewhere between, more related to grief and mourning than to statements of gender. Kahlo was part Jewish. She was very close to her German-Jewish father Wilhelm Kahlo , and was probably expressing the Jewish way of grieving something lost, something dead: her love. The verse from Jeremiah (Ch 7, v 29), in the Old Testament: ‘Shave your head in mourning, and weep alone on the mountains.’ And in Micah Ch 1:1, ‘Weep, you people of Judah! Shave your heads in sorrow...’ are well known. It is almost certain Kahlo would have known.

Pepsi Co Essay Example for Free

Pepsi Co Essay Pepsi Co is one of the largest Multi-national enterprises in US having operations in different countries of the world. It basically deals in beverages and soft drinks and offers different brands such as Pepsi, Tropicana, and Gatorode etc. The sheer success of its brands depicts that it is one of the most successful organizations in US which is operating at The International level. Pepsi receives its revenue in US dollars from all its licensed bottlers working across the world. However, it pays to its suppliers and employees in the local currency where it operates. Due to this factor, its cost structure is affected as the volatile movements in currency can really produce a volatile movement in its cost of sales. This factor also creates more sever impact when some of the countries where Pepsi Co works do not allow forward booking of US dollars. Therefore, Pepsi Co may not be able to hedge itself against the currency volatility. (G. I. , 2003) There are countries where Pepsi Co makes and receives payments in US dollars. However, since its foreign affiliates have to purchase the US dollar from the local market to pay to it therefore, the impact may be more volatile specially if the local currency appreciates against the US Dollar. If local currency appreciates against US Dollar, the revenues of the company will go down because local affiliates would not buy fewer US Dollars because of appreciation. This will also affect the profitability of the company because Pepsi Co would now have to remit the higher amount of US Dollars to pay to its suppliers in the local market. Therefore, its overall expense would increase. Therefore, the whole profitability would come down as a result of this. (Tallman, 2007). Bibliography 1. G. I. , Z. (2003). MNEs, globalisation and digital economy: legal and economic aspects. Managerial Law, , 45 (1), pp. 1-296. 2. Tallman, S. B. (2007). A New Generation in International Strategic Management. New York: Edward Elgar Publishing,.

Lord of the Flies Essay -- Lord of the Flies Essays

Hidden inside every human being is the urge to obide by law and authority and to act civilised, but hidden much deeper is the temptation to resist acting lawfully and resort to savagery. Sometimes, these two impulses conflict with one another and people are confused as to which desire to follow through with. William Golding’s Lord of the Flies and John Polson’s Hide and Seek are two prime examples that demonstrate the conflict between civilised behaviour and savagery through their characters’ cultured manners, savage impulses and struggles as they decide who they really are as people. The instinct to follow rules and act in a civilised manner is highlighted throughout the first four chapters of Lord of the Flies, but is especially perceptible in the boys’ behaviour when they first arrive on the island. The first chapter, The Sound of the Shell focuses on Ralph’s discovery of the island and his joy at the fact that there are â€Å"No grown-ups!† (p.12) present and so he can do as he pleases. His companion Piggy however, is obedient to the authority of his home life as he will not run, swim or blow the conch when Ralph does because his aunty told him not to â€Å"on account of his asthma†. (p.13) The repetition of Piggy’s referral to his aunty and her rules emphasise his conformity. The formation of an assembly, the ruling of Ralph as chief and the creation of rules on the island such as â€Å"‘hands up’ like at school† also comply with the social standards of order and democracy that they had to obide by in Eng land. Jack, representing a figure of authority, leads his choir who comply with his commands even though they are not at home anymore. â€Å"The choir belongs to you, of course.† (p.31) The choirs’ great compliance to their leader foreshadows t... ...shouldn’t’ be there, but does not actually tell her to go away. Brutality is also evident in Emily’s actions - while smiling threateningly she destroys a doll infront of the little girl. A close-up camera angle is used during this act to reinforce Emily’s evil intentions. The characters’ battle to resolve the conflict between following their natural instincts and satisfying their ultimate desires to kill is achieved in both texts with the impulses of violence prevailing. From the analysis of the characters’ actions, words and personalities from the novel Lord of the Flies and the movie Hide and Seek, it is evident that both texts represent the conflict existing between morality and sin through their use of the narrative devices of repetition, alliteration and foreshadowing as well as the film techniques of intruding close-up angle shots and manipulative lighting.

Phonics vs. whole language? Essay -- Essays Papers

Phonics vs. whole language? Like other issues of education, educators and theorists debate and analyze methods of reading instruction. They judge methods and curricula not only by their efficacy but also by their appropriateness and ease. Throughout the history of education these methods and curricula have changed, shifted, and transformed. Currently, though, there are two front-runners in the debate—phonics and whole language. Popular belief is that these curricula are diametrically opposed. Researchers of effective reading instruction assert the opposite, saying that â€Å"an artificial, simplistic dichotomy† has no reality in the discussion of phonics and whole language (Dahl & Scharer, 2000,  ¶43). The purpose of this research paper is to compare these two seemingly different curricula in the realm of reading instruction, to determine their individual levels of appropriateness, and to decide which, if either, is ultimately more appropriate in the school setting. Phonics Defined What is phonics? The word â€Å"phonics† comes from the Greek word for sound and is defined by the Webster’s II New Collegiate Dictionary as the â€Å"use of elementary phonetics in the teaching of reading.† The Britannica Student Encyclopedia says, â€Å"phonics is translating parts of written words into the sounds they represent.† From these two definitions of phonics, one can deduce that it is a method of segmentation, visual and auditory recognition, and decoding. Phonics is the vehicle by which learners begin to understand the individual sounds, or phonemes, of a word. The sounds—there are about 45 in the English language—are the basic building blocks of language, and mastery of them ensures success in future reading attempts (Hempenstall, 1997,  ¶16). Educators use phonics at several levels of reading instruction, including early childhood, remediation, and adult literacy. In an article about Dorothy Strickland’s book Teaching Phonics Today: A Primer for Educators, Linda Starr (1999) quotes Strickland: â€Å"Historically, those who have denounced poor reading achievement in the United States have turned to phonics as a solution† (qtd. in Starr, 1999,  ¶2). Phonics is, indeed, a solution, for its basic principle of breaking words into parts allows the reader to approach any new word with confidence, assuming that he has learned all of the written sounds successfully. Phonics is used in both in... ...s in diverse classroom settings† (Dahl & Scharer, 2000,  ¶52). Based upon the data set forth in this paper, a system of balanced instruction seems to be the most beneficial route for reading instruction. Students should learn about the relationships between letters and sounds through both traditional instruction and on the spot direction. They should be encouraged to express themselves through writing and educators should give feedback and constructive criticism about their mistakes as well as their creativity. Diane Weaver Dunne (2000) tells us â€Å"there is no magic bullet that can teach all children how to read† ( ¶ 1). As such, educators should individualize instruction to reach all learners, and reading and writing should take place in every area of the curriculum. The problem in this debate lies not in the direct opposition of whole language to phonics but in the misconceptions of both camps. 1 The whole language camp seems to be split on this issue: â€Å"Some Whole Language theorists still believe that any emphasis on phonics is unfruitful, or even harmful— ‘The rules of phonics are to complex†¦and too unreliable†¦to be useful’†(Smith qtd. in Hempenstall,  ¶ 58).

Max Weber Essay

Maximilian Carl Emil Weber or better known as Max Weber is a German political economist and sociologist who is considered as one of the great founders of the contemporary discipline of sociology and public administration (â€Å"Weber, Max,† n. d. ). In a brief background, Max Weber started his career in a learning institution named University of Berlin (â€Å"Weber, Max,† n. d. ). Afterwards, he also worked in several Universities such as Heidelberg, Munich, and Freiburg as an academician in education (â€Å"Weber, Max,† n. d. ). Moreover, Max Weber is also famous in his thoughts about politics and religious faith as most of his literary works deal with rendering profound explanation in sociology of religion and government (â€Å"Weber, Max,† n. d. ). His essay called The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is considered to be the main manifestation of Max Weber’s standpoint about religion, which is later commended as the start of his excellence in the said topic (â€Å"Weber, Max,† n. d. ). Politics As A Vocation, on the other hand, is a lecture of Max Weber about government that has been well essential in the study of contemporary Western political science (â€Å"Politics as a Vocation,† n. d. ). Likewise, Max Weber also provides his own profound definition of Power, Authority and Coercion, just like any other sociologists. Thus, Max Weber defines power as the possibility that an individual or a person within a social relationship would be in a position to implement his or her own will despite the opposition, regardless of which grounds such probability rests (â€Å"Max Weber’s definition of the modern state 1918,† n. d. ). In addition to this, Max Weber states that power could either be legitimate and illegitimate. Authority, on the other hand, is characterized by Max Weber as the actual exercise of power that is directly set under the legal grounds. As such, he said that authority is the practice of legitimate power. In the end, Max Weber rationalization about coercion is the utilization of force under the grounds of illegitimate power (Kirby et al. , 2000). Nonetheless, Max Weber as a reputable sociologist had done a clear distinction on power, authority and coercion that has been significant in the sociology of religion and government. Referrences Kirby et al. (2000). Sociology in Perspective. (2nd ed. ). London: Heinemann Educational Publishers. Max Weber’s definition of the modern state 1918. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 14, 2008, from http://www. mdx. ac. uk/WWW/STUDY/XWEB. HTM Politics as a Vocation. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 14, 2008, from http://www. ne. jp/asahi/moriyuki/abukuma/weber/lecture/politics_vocation. html Weber, Max. (n. d. ). Retrieved August 14, 2008, from http://www. riseofthewest. net/thinkers/weber03. htm

Intercultural Language Use

Intercultural Language Use Culture and language can be termed as brothers since they go together. It is proven that no language or culture that can stand by itself. The reason behind it is that where you will find a culture, there will be a certain language. For instance if you go to America you will find the culture there goes together with the language.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Language Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Like in when a child is born, definitely the child will be exposed to the surroundings and this plays a great role in enabling him or her become part and parcel of the cultural team. Both culture and language in a child is modeled by the people around them. (Jandt, 2004, p.187) A variety of disciplinary perspective for many years showed the relationship between language and culture. Different philosopher like linguists, anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists among other had different views in und erstanding cultural issue manipulating the facet of human behavior including cognition, perception, language and communication. It was during this time when An American linguist and anthropologist, Edward Sapir introduced the power of language to echo culture. (Jandt, 2004, p.188) In his hypothesis he confirmed that the manner in which we reflect and analysis the world verifies our language. He added that the cases of cultural language disparities have proven that some languages have precise words for thought while other languages utilize numerous words to stand for a precise notion. It is in this article where Edward Sapir showed that cultural differences have also been renowned in the method in which language is used practically. In their culture, innovative skills are normally trained and taught through oral tuition. It also said that in other cultures, innovative expertises are trained through nonverbal watching. He finally added that the dissimilarities in the societal tasks of adults and children are influenced by the language used. (Soler Jordan, 2008, p.12) The connection of language and culture attracted the interest of both theorectians and practitioners. It was during this period when Robert Lado the first person to compare the native culture and target culture and connected them to be a source of culture and language. In between 1970 and 1980, many areas in the world especially America, their researchers researched and debated the verbal discrepancy viewpoints. These viewpoints challenged anybody who never used Standard English and did not have an official language and termed that as verbally poor living.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though the oral view point has been confirmed unacceptable, it is clearly understood that the research done was to either sustain or dishonor that perspective as it was said by Bernstein one of the philosophers. This spiritual thought led to the differences in the way s language is used in different cultures and the way in which the language reflects the culture and it’s worldwide. (Soler Jordan, 2008, p.15) It was during this time when Bereiter and Engelmann dug deep in researching the language and culture as the article clarifies. These people did a lot in studying language dissimilarities among social groups including focal point and inferior income collection and tribal groups. The central part of the research recognizes precise dissimilarities in the way children from dissimilar socioeconomic and racial settings used language in and out of school. The suggestion of this research according to the article shows that it was widely argued and understood in dissimilar ways. (Jandt, 2004, p.192) Like in 1971, Basil Bernstein came up with dissimilar linguistic system used by children from inferior to central income families in England. This system led to different sy stems in level of living since the inferior income families used â€Å"restricted code† while the central income families used â€Å"elaborated code† (Jandt, 2004, p.193) where as the differences were not left behind even to places like in schools that led to a total difference in culture and language. It is also in this article, where it proofs that the language used by African American children was not an official language. They therefore opted that these children required serious coach in English in the school setting as it was researched by both Bereiter and Englemann. This was brought about in order to stick in the culture and language of the area. (Soler Jordan, 2008, p.18) There after another researcher came to defend the African America who saw how black people were seen inferior and argued that they should be given room to have their English. In his statistics it straight confronted the oral deficit theory since it recognized the detailed and systematic lingu istic belongings of Black English. In his research he argued that the Black English should be given room to stand by their own pertaining language. By doing this, the differences in which language and culture reflected each other were seen worldwide. (Jandt, 2004, p.195)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Intercultural Language Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion Language and culture are two terms that go together and they have a great impact in the world we live in. it has been proven that language and culture starts from the beginning of someone’s life. For instance you will find that a child will definitely grow according to the language and culture he or she has found. Although mingling of people is trying to cut short culture and language, every society is trying to put its language and culture in to existence. References List Jandt, F. (2004).Intercultural communication: a global reader. SAGE, pp.185-225. Soler, E., Jordan, M. (2008).Intercultural Language Use and Language Learning. Springer, pp. 11-29.

Hiring employees from minority groups.

Hiring employees from minority groups. this is all I have to offer, Thank you for your help, I am despirate noneHiring MinoritiesIn recent years preferential hiring has become an issueof great interest. Preferential hiring, which was devised tocreate harmony between the different races and sexes, has dividedthe lines even more. Supporters on both sides seem fixed intheir positions and often refuse to listen to the other group'splatform. In this essay, the recipients of preferential hiringwill be either black or female, and the position in question willbe a professorship on the university level. The hirings inquestion are cases that involve several candidates, all roughlyequal in their qualifications (including experience, education,people skills, etc.), with the only difference being race and/orsex.What we have here is a case of predetermined preference.The two candidates in question are equal in all ways, except race.The black applicant is selected, not because of skills orqualifications (in that case the white man would have providedthe same result), but for his skin color.Martin Luther King, Jr.This seems to be blatantdiscrimination, but many believe it is justified. Some feelretribution for years of discrimination is reason enough, but thatissue will be discussed later. First, lets focus on why this isnot a solution to creating an unbiased society.Martin Luther King Jr. had a dream: 'I have a dream thatmy four little children will one day live in a nation where theywill not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the contentof their character.' He desired a world without discrimination,without prejudice, and without stereotypes. The fundamental lessonyears of discrimination should have taught is that to give anyonepreference based on skin color, sex, or religious beliefs is, inone word,

Free Essays on Organization Culture

Abstract Measuring and managing intellectual capital through knowledge management (KM) has been perceived the most important issue in knowledge-intensive companies. @ It has been suggested that a supportive corporate culture cornerstones not only a successful implementation of KM system but also the effectiveness of an organization. @It is essential therefore to enhance our knowledge in interrelationships among corporate culture, KM, intellectual capital and operating performance. @Using a sample of firms listed in TSE and OTC and a questionnaire as research tool, this thesis explores the typologies of corporate culture and KM, and their impacts on intellectual capital and financial performance. The empirical evidence indicates that the attributes of corporate culture are significantly associated with the attributes of KM activities. @Both corporate culture and KM shed significant impacts on cognitive importance of intellectual capitals. @Firms with distinct corporate culture, placing more foci on human resource development, innovation and market competition tend to have more intensive knowledge management activities, information technology utilization, and exchange and lash of knowledge between the members of the organization. @ Compared to firms with low innovative-bureaucratic culture, firms with high effective-supportive culture concentrate more on all aspects related to human capital and innovation capital. Compared to other firms in the sample, firms with high flexibility-high degree of knowledge management activities focus more on human capital, innovation capital, and process capital. @Compared to firms with high control-low degree knowledge management activities, companies characterized with humanistic- medium degree knowledge management activities emphasize more on innovation capital. The findings also show that both corporate culture attributes and components of human cap... Free Essays on Organization Culture Free Essays on Organization Culture Abstract Measuring and managing intellectual capital through knowledge management (KM) has been perceived the most important issue in knowledge-intensive companies. @ It has been suggested that a supportive corporate culture cornerstones not only a successful implementation of KM system but also the effectiveness of an organization. @It is essential therefore to enhance our knowledge in interrelationships among corporate culture, KM, intellectual capital and operating performance. @Using a sample of firms listed in TSE and OTC and a questionnaire as research tool, this thesis explores the typologies of corporate culture and KM, and their impacts on intellectual capital and financial performance. The empirical evidence indicates that the attributes of corporate culture are significantly associated with the attributes of KM activities. @Both corporate culture and KM shed significant impacts on cognitive importance of intellectual capitals. @Firms with distinct corporate culture, placing more foci on human resource development, innovation and market competition tend to have more intensive knowledge management activities, information technology utilization, and exchange and lash of knowledge between the members of the organization. @ Compared to firms with low innovative-bureaucratic culture, firms with high effective-supportive culture concentrate more on all aspects related to human capital and innovation capital. Compared to other firms in the sample, firms with high flexibility-high degree of knowledge management activities focus more on human capital, innovation capital, and process capital. @Compared to firms with high control-low degree knowledge management activities, companies characterized with humanistic- medium degree knowledge management activities emphasize more on innovation capital. The findings also show that both corporate culture attributes and components of human cap... Free Essays on Organization Culture 1. The Monterey Regional Waste Management District (MRWMD) had humble beginnings in 1951 when forward thinking county officials had a vision of a better waste management system for the Monterey Peninsula, ending the era of unconditional garbage dumping that had prevailed. From this time on, a Board of Directors has labored to ensure that the waste from Monterey Peninsula residents is disposed of in an environmentally friendly manner that not only satisfies state and federal legal requirements, but ensures that the health of the peninsula is preserved for decades to come . 2. Currently the MRWMD disposes the household, business and industrial waste of more than 170,000 residents . Its purpose is to maximize the diversion of waste from landfill by following three simple steps: reduce, reuse and recycle. Reduce the amount of landfill by reusing waste products in their original form or by recycling them for other purposes. The MRWMD mission embodies the values that the original county officials had in mind more than 50 years ago: â€Å"Provide the highest quality, cost-efficient, integrated waste management services to the greater Monterey Peninsula, while preserving our environment and protecting public health through the reduction, reuse, recycling and safe disposal of our waste stream† Aim 3. The aim of this paper is to assess whether MRWMD has a culture that supports the organization mission. This will be accomplished by investigating employee values, behaviors, beliefs and assumptions and conducting a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis on the findings. Conduct of analysis 4. In order to properly analyze the beliefs, values, assumptions and behaviors of MWRMD employees - and by doing so identifying the MRWMD culture - it was necessary to conduct detailed interviews with a representation of the workforce. MRWMD currently employs 138 staff, of which 123 are full-time and 15 are part-...

Globalization and Inequality in Developing Nations Annotated Bibliography

Globalization and Inequality in Developing Nations - Annotated Bibliography Example The final research paper will have several sections in it that will analyze different aspects of globalization as it has affected and affects the developing nations all over the world and specifically investigate how such aspects have contributed to inequality in developing nations. This paper will be investigative and educative in the sense that it will discuss the globalization effects in developing nations, both positive and negative and how they have contributed to inequalities in developing nations and make recommendations on how developing nations can use this information to ensure that globalization provides more benefits than challenges for them by reducing inequalities within their population.First, the research paper will give a summary of globalization and how it came to be generally and in developing nations. Here, the research paper will seek to give the reader general information on the topic.In discussing the effects of globalization in developing nations, the paper wi ll start by discussing the positive effects of globalization in developing nations and how inequalities came about. Here, the paper will seek to provide the reader with information regarding the manner in which globalization has contributed to growth and betterment of lives in developing nations over time and how this has led to inequalities within the developing nations. To do this, the research paper will discuss different ways through which globalization has positively affected developing nations and the inequalities from these.

Calvinism and Ephesians Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Calvinism and Ephesians - Essay Example It stands for Total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement, Irresistible grace and the Perseverance of the saints. These Five Points were adopted by the Synod of Dordt (or Dordrecht), each point the subject of a chapter or head of the Canons of Dordt. According to the followers of Calvin, the Five Points "set forth clearly the biblical teaching on the sovereignty and particularity of the grace of God in salvation."1 Total depravity" is often mistaken to mean that humans are all hopelessly, intensely sinful. Actually, it means something quite different: as a result of Adam and Eve's disobedience to God -- the Fall of Man -- sin has extended to all parts of every person's being: "his thinking, his emotions and his will." Sometimes, this has been called "Total inability." This is the concept that it is impossible for the ordinary "natural" human to understand the Gospel's message. They are spiritually helpless. First, God must first decide to intervene in the form of the third personality within the Trinity, the Holy Spirit. Otherwise, the person is lost forever. 2 This is seen in Romans 5:12: "Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned" and in Mark 4:11: "And he said unto them, Unto you it is given to know the mystery of the kingdom of God: but unto them that are without, all these things are done in parables."3 Unconditional Election is the concept of predestination: that God has divided humanity into two groups. One group is "the elected." It includes all those whom God has chosen to make knowledgeable about himself. The rest will remain ignorant of God, and the Gospel. They are damned and will spend eternity in Hell without any hope of mercy or cessation of the extreme tortures. God made this selection before the universe was created, and thus before any humans existed. The ground or grounds that God uses to select the lucky few is unknown. What is known is that it is not through any good works on the part of the individual. It is not that he extends knowledge to some in order to find out who will accept salvation and who will not. There is a degree of tension within the Bible concerning precise division of responsibility between God and humans on this matter. The Bible does not resolve this issue. Hyper-Calvinists believe that a person has zero responsibility for their own salvation; it is all up to God. Arminians teach that humans have free will and thus can accept or resist the call of God.4 This is supported by Romans 9:15: "For he saith to

Annotated bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Annotated Bibliography Example Over 1000 samples were drawn from the population under study, this being a reasonable and practical sample size for such a study. Culture is found to impact the reward preferences, such impacts not being straight forward though. The study also reveals that reward preferences may not be impacted by cultural influences alone. It is instead influenced also be factors such as economic conditions among other contextual factors. The research was conducted using data drawn from one industry alone as opposed to several industries. There is a chance that other industries could reveal different results. Also, the countries featured in the sample share certain cultural characteristics which could lead to results only practical to countries with the same characteristics. It is also noted that the results may also have been affected by the difference in importance in the various cultural dimensions. Reward variance could have been impacted by organizational factors including the size of the organization and ownership. It is important to take culture into consideration when determining the reward schemes or strategies to apply for an organization’s workforce. In addition, other factors must be taken into consideration given that it is not only culture that influences these preferences. Understanding people’s culture in a multinational environment is greatly important to the human resource manager and to the reader. The reader gets to appreciate Hofstede’s framework as it provides practical contributions with respect to culture. The reader realizes the importance of culture as a factor in rewarding employees especially when dealing with multinational companies and organizations that are served by people from of different cultural backgrounds. The audience furthermore gets to appreciate how much employee preferences affect reward management at the international

Tax avoidance,tax evasion,tax mitigiation Essay

Tax avoidance,tax evasion,tax mitigiation - Essay Example Tax avoidance and Tax evasion are two of the most common terms and concepts used and utilized by the taxpayers in escaping from payment of taxes. Learning and understanding these terms will help the taxpayers avoid criminal and civil liabilities. Tax avoidance is a means to escape from taxation, which is allowed and sanctioned by law. A taxpayer committing this will not be legally held civilly or criminally liable to the government provided it is used in good faith and within the process allowed by law, otherwise the taxpayer will be committing tax evasion which is a crime. The utilization of the means and methods sanctioned by law would enable the taxpayer reduce the amount due to be taxed. Example of tax avoidance is when the taxpayer structures his/her any legitimate transaction to save tax and such transaction is what would really appear in form. And this transaction if the taxpayer is the vendee or payee could declare this as deduction. Tax Evasion on the other hand, is reductio n or elimination of tax due by means outside the law. It is illegally committed and punishable by law. A corporation, individual and other entity may resort to means in order to avoid paying the taxes. And the means employed is always dishonest like declaring less or no income, less profits or no gains than the taxpayer actually earned or it could be committed by inflating deductions. For example, a corporation will evade tax by declaring charitable contributions of $ 2.5 million as deduction although what was actually contributed is $.5 million only. The law does not allow this and anyone caught doing this will be held criminally and civilly liable. The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is on the tax itself. In tax avoidance, the taxpayer is legally avoiding the payment of any tax liability that is not in existence at the time. Meaning to say, there is no tax due at the moment of transaction and the taxpayer utilized method within the law so that no tax liability wou ld be incurred later or if there is, it would be less. In tax avoidance, there is already a tax due to be paid and the taxpayer resort to illegal means so that it will not be able to pay the owed tax. This type entails concealment or misrepresentation of earnings that are taxable immediately.. Tax mitigation is also similar to tax avoidance. Both resort to means not prohibited by law. Sometimes, these two concepts are used interchangeably. Tax mitigation is known as tax planning to mitigate or reduce tax liability. It is a conduct made to reduce tax liability without conducting tax avoidance or which is contrary to the intention of the Parliament. There are conducts which are allowed for tax mitigation and which are not in the case of tax avoidance. It is important in distinguishing one from the other, especially the two concepts which are tax avoidance and tax evasion because it will help the taxpayer in understanding the consequences of each conduct to reduce tax liability. Since tax avoidance is a criminal offense punishable by law, knowing the distinction would save one from committing this criminal offense while saving money from taxes without breaking the law. It will help taxpayers to arrange their affairs and keep taxes as low as possible. The tax code is confusing not only for average people but also for those knowledgeable professionals. Hence, it is important to define these two concepts so as not to fall into a criminally punishable offense. The Ramsay Principle: My understanding This principle emanated for two cases : W. T. Ramsay Ltd. v. Inland Revenue Commissioners, Eilbeck (Inspector of Taxes) v. Rawling, [1982] A.C. 300 and IRC v. Burmah Oil Co. Ltd., [1982] S.T.C. 30, H.L.(Sc.)decided by the House of Lords in connection with tax payment and schemes resorted to avoid it. In this case, the company in order to lessen the amount of taxes for the transaction of transfer of assets and payment resorted to scheme by drafting sets of documents,

Finance analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance analysis - Essay Example The ratios will provide variants that will reflect any changes during the year covered. Variants are problems that need the attention of management. Ratios are also meaningful when compared with the closest competition to see relative position of the company Limitation of the study is that 2009 annual report of Easy jet is not yet available. a. Government regulations. Falle, della Gonzrague, et al (2004) said in their report that the airline industry in UK has always been filled with restrictions to protect their own airlines. For instance, the airline industry in UK is protected by regulations of the European Union and that of bilateral agreements entered into by the British government with other countries. Bilateral agreements put tariff protection on their products and are barriers for foreign entry. The globalization and liberalization have invited competition to the airline industry in UK. In UK, the airline industry players are the flag carriers, independent airiness, franchises and charters. Flag carriers are either state-owned or designated carriers and enjoy privileges from the government. Independent airlines are Ryan Air, Easy Jet, Aer Lingus and British Airways. Each of these airline companies has a market share of airline passengers in UK . Even in economic crisis, air travel remains to be an important factor in everyday life of everyone. Air travel spurs the economy by bringing in international investment trade and tourism, and is therefore very important in the globalization movement of industries The Airline Industry report stated air travel in the past decade grew by 7% per year wherein travel for business and leisure grew strongly worldwide. Airline travel is dependent on the growth of economy, as in the years of recession; the industry is not spared... Several analysts agree that the airline operations have experienced hard times during the past years of 2007 an 2008 As a result of the slow travel

Tax avoidance,tax evasion,tax mitigiation Essay

Tax avoidance,tax evasion,tax mitigiation - Essay Example Tax avoidance and Tax evasion are two of the most common terms and concepts used and utilized by the taxpayers in escaping from payment of taxes. Learning and understanding these terms will help the taxpayers avoid criminal and civil liabilities. Tax avoidance is a means to escape from taxation, which is allowed and sanctioned by law. A taxpayer committing this will not be legally held civilly or criminally liable to the government provided it is used in good faith and within the process allowed by law, otherwise the taxpayer will be committing tax evasion which is a crime. The utilization of the means and methods sanctioned by law would enable the taxpayer reduce the amount due to be taxed. Example of tax avoidance is when the taxpayer structures his/her any legitimate transaction to save tax and such transaction is what would really appear in form. And this transaction if the taxpayer is the vendee or payee could declare this as deduction. Tax Evasion on the other hand, is reductio n or elimination of tax due by means outside the law. It is illegally committed and punishable by law. A corporation, individual and other entity may resort to means in order to avoid paying the taxes. And the means employed is always dishonest like declaring less or no income, less profits or no gains than the taxpayer actually earned or it could be committed by inflating deductions. For example, a corporation will evade tax by declaring charitable contributions of $ 2.5 million as deduction although what was actually contributed is $.5 million only. The law does not allow this and anyone caught doing this will be held criminally and civilly liable. The difference between tax avoidance and tax evasion is on the tax itself. In tax avoidance, the taxpayer is legally avoiding the payment of any tax liability that is not in existence at the time. Meaning to say, there is no tax due at the moment of transaction and the taxpayer utilized method within the law so that no tax liability wou ld be incurred later or if there is, it would be less. In tax avoidance, there is already a tax due to be paid and the taxpayer resort to illegal means so that it will not be able to pay the owed tax. This type entails concealment or misrepresentation of earnings that are taxable immediately.. Tax mitigation is also similar to tax avoidance. Both resort to means not prohibited by law. Sometimes, these two concepts are used interchangeably. Tax mitigation is known as tax planning to mitigate or reduce tax liability. It is a conduct made to reduce tax liability without conducting tax avoidance or which is contrary to the intention of the Parliament. There are conducts which are allowed for tax mitigation and which are not in the case of tax avoidance. It is important in distinguishing one from the other, especially the two concepts which are tax avoidance and tax evasion because it will help the taxpayer in understanding the consequences of each conduct to reduce tax liability. Since tax avoidance is a criminal offense punishable by law, knowing the distinction would save one from committing this criminal offense while saving money from taxes without breaking the law. It will help taxpayers to arrange their affairs and keep taxes as low as possible. The tax code is confusing not only for average people but also for those knowledgeable professionals. Hence, it is important to define these two concepts so as not to fall into a criminally punishable offense. The Ramsay Principle: My understanding This principle emanated for two cases : W. T. Ramsay Ltd. v. Inland Revenue Commissioners, Eilbeck (Inspector of Taxes) v. Rawling, [1982] A.C. 300 and IRC v. Burmah Oil Co. Ltd., [1982] S.T.C. 30, H.L.(Sc.)decided by the House of Lords in connection with tax payment and schemes resorted to avoid it. In this case, the company in order to lessen the amount of taxes for the transaction of transfer of assets and payment resorted to scheme by drafting sets of documents,

The Relativity of Virtues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Relativity of Virtues - Essay Example Emerson states that â€Å"the virtues of society are vices of the saint†. This means that human beings tend to conform to the behaviors and actions that are perceived to be virtues in the society. As a result of this conformity, people fail in developing self-reliance and may perceive actions or behaviors that are not identified as virtues in their society to be vices. For example, during the era of slavery, a person who spoke of compassion or equality for the slaves can easily be dubbed a villain. However, the belief that all human beings are equal and have a right to be free is a virtue. Therefore, the person that the society dubs a villain owing to his support for the abolition of slavery is, in fact, a saint in his account. Emerson challenges reciprocity in the society that defines what actions are virtues and what actions are vices. Emerson states that the terror of reform â€Å"is the discovery that we must cast away our virtues, or what we have always esteemed such, in to the same pit that has consumed our grosser vices†. Reform in the society brings about change for the purpose of improving the human life. The actors of change in the society identify an issue or issue that is an impediment to their wellbeing and act towards changing the issue. Emerson observes that the strength of a reform movement is the continual desire for the better. However, according to Emerson, this desire for change is a weakness as reform seeks amelioration of the outward circumstances but fail to achieve full independence for the inner life.

Celebrity Worship Essay Example for Free

Celebrity Worship Essay About celebrity worship Good morning, everyone! Today my topic is about celebrity worship. Do you worship any celebrities? I think the answer will probably be yes. Nowadays most of us have their own idols. Whether the people of our affections are movie stars, athletes, or politicians we are hungry for information about them. We want to know what they are saying, what they are wearing, where they are going and whom they are with. Moreover, we mock their actions and want to become one of them who are often portrayed as beautiful, clever and rich. I think this is â€Å"celebrity worship†. And it is not only teenagers’ right; many adults also admire celebrities. But what drives our endless fascination with celebrity worship? The following some aspects may give the answer to the question. First of all, to some degree celebrity worship is a kind of belief. In this transient world, nothing seems to be unchangeable. People must find something to worship so that they will not lose themselves. Therefore, they admire celebrities, consider celebrities as good examples of their own lives and want to become as famous or wealthy as celebrities are. Secondly, some people consider the fascination with celebrities as a substitution for real life. There are many problems in our daily life, so people focus on celebrities’ life to avoid their own problems. They see celebrity worship as a kind of entertainment. In this way, they can relax themselves. What’s more, celebrity worship is a symbol of fashion especially for teenagers. If they do not want to be out-of-date, they believe that they should have an idol. As celebrity worship becomes increasingly crazy today, people begin to be concern about the impacts of it on our daily life. To some degree, celebrity worship can be unhealthy. If we pay too much attention to these famous people, we may do some crazy things that may hurt others or ourselves. For example, it was reported that a young girl from LiaoningProvince committed suicide just because her mother refused to buy her a CD of her idol. Another famous example is about a 28-year-old girl called Yang Lijuan. She became a huge fan of Andy Liu 13 years ago. From that moment, the only thing she cared about in her life was to meet her idol. She quit school, wrote letters, and spent many years watching the stars music videos. She even made public attempts to get close to him, two times in Hong Kong and once in Beijing, but every time was disappointed. The girls father was a 68-year-old retired middle school teacher who supported the entire family with his pension of 1,900 yuan per month and her mother was unable to work due to poor health. Her parents tried to persuade her to give up, but after their efforts failed, her father decided to help his daughter realize her dreams at any cost. The family borrowed money and went to Hong Kong again in order to meet the girl’s idol. Finally, the girl fulfilled her dream. However, her father became furious after he was informed that his daughter would not get a chance to spend enough time to talk privately with the star about her feelings for him. He jumped into the sea in an early Monday morning while his wife and daughter were still asleep. What a great tragedy it is! In addition, some experts say that celebrity worship can decrease a persons self-esteem because the endless admiration and yearning for a life and lifestyle that are out of reach may lead to ones feelings of isolation and inadequacy. However, some other experts take different views of it. They believe that for some celebrity worship may be unhealthy, while for most of people, it is can actually improve our lives. This is particularly true when the people of our affections set a good example that helps us strive to achieve our own ideals. If you idolize someone for their accomplishments, and these accomplishments make gains in your own life, then admiring a celebrity can have a positive effect on your ambition, or even on your mental health. In my opinion, celebrity worship is a kind of fact, whether it is good to us depends on how we treat it. We should have a reasonable attitude towards it. In our transient world, we need to find a goal for our life. In this sense, we may look up to celebrities as role models. But we should remember that they are just ideals. We should not mock their actions all the time. We need to find our own way to get our perfect life. In a word, if we worship a celebrity, we should choose the right people and the right way. That is all. Thanks for your attention.

History and Properties of Rubber

History and Properties of Rubber History of Rubber Rubber was first discovered by the Indians living in Central and South America at around 1000 CE. The native people of the Americas used latex from the rubber trees (which they called it the cahuchu tree) and learned how to make waterproof clothes and footwears.1 They also used the latex to make bouncing balls for ball games.1 In 1736, a French explorer named Charles Marie de La Condamine travelled to Ecuador and discovered the Hevea tree (which is known as the rubber tree), he was the first European to have discovered rubber. He sent samples of this rubber to the French Academy of Sciences, this prompted their interest of rubber.2 Figure 1: Latex liquid collected from the Hevea rubber tree 3 In 1770, English engineer named Edward Nairne created several rubber cubes and discovered that they had erasing properties. This meant that they can be able to erase pencil marks, this was later confirmed by English scientist named Joseph Priestley.4 In 1768, a French Chemist named Pierre Macquer studied the properties of the rubber found in South America. He found that when rubber is dissolved in ether, flexible tubes can be produced 5, this has led to rubber being an important material to many everyday applications. In 1791, a British shoemaker named Samuel Peal developed a method for waterproofing cloth, this was done by mixing turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees) with rubber.6 In 1818, a Scottish surgeon named James Syme manufactured raincoats from waterproof cloth made from rubber.7 This was then later developed by Scottish chemist named Charles Macintosh. In 1823, he developed a method of making better waterproof raincoats by dissolving rubber with naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar) and then placing it with another cloth (in order to improve the thickness of the coat). The waterproof coat became known as the Mackintosh coat.8 Figure 2: The Mackintosh Coat 9 In 1832, the first rubber factory was built, it was known as the Rosburg factory. Regrettably, when the rubber products made from the factory were left in the cold, it made them brittle, and when they were left in the sun the rubber melted, leaving customers to be discouraged.8 For many years, scientists have tried to develop new methods of increasing the strength of rubbers without being successful. However, in 1839, an American chemist named Charles Goodyear had accidently discovered a new way of making rubbers more durable. What he done was he accidentally dropped some mixture of natural rubber and sulphur on a hot stove, this has led to the vulcanization of the rubber. 8 In 1845, a Scottish inventor named Robert William Thompson invented the pneumatic tyre, this consisted of an inner belt made from natural rubber that was inflated with air, this was a major development to the motor industry because heavy steam engines could be able to travel on the roads without damaging the surface, this was further developed in 1869 where solid and hollow rubber were used to make the tyres. In the 1850s, rubber toys were being produced. 8 In 1876, an English explorer named Henry Wickham smuggled several seeds from the Hevea brasiliensis (which is the rubber tree found in Brazil) and took it to England. The English exported these seeds around the world, this has led to the increase in the supply of natural rubber around the world. 10 In 1883, an American chemist named George Oenslager developed a new method of accelerating the vulcanization of natural rubber with sulphur.7 He converted aniline into thiocarbanilide because it was easier to handle. From several experiments he conducted, he found out that thiocarbanilide was a good rubber accelerator for the vulcanization process. He was the first person to use carbon black as a filler for the rubber because it increased the strength of the rubber. 11 In 1909, a German scientist named Fritz Hofmann and his fellow scientists produced the first synthetic rubber known as methyl isoprene however the problem with this rubber is that it was expensive to make.12 In 1930, an American scientist named Wallace Carothers and his team produced a compound called chloropropene which then polymerised to form a solid which had a rubbery texture. The team had found out that the properties of this new polymer was similar to that of natural rubber. This polymer was named as Neoprene and was the first commercially successful synthetic rubber.13 Also in the 1930s, a German chemist named Walter bock had developed a new synthetic rubber which had better properties than that of natural rubber. He first tried to copolymerise dimethyl butadiene with isoprene and butadiene, this was successful as the new polymer had similar properties to the natural rubber. He then replaced dimethyl butadiene with styrene and copolymerised with butadiene, the polymer was named as SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber). This polymer was better than natural rubber because it did not wear out quicker than its counterpart, the polymer was later known as Buna-S for commercial purposes. 14 A better synthetic rubber was later developed by copolymerising acrylonitrile with butadiene, the polymer was known as NBR (Nitrile-butadiene rubber), it was the later known as Buna-N for commercial purposes. In 1940, an American inventor named Waldon Semon produced a new synthetic rubber known as Ameripol, this was made by copolymerising butadiene with methyl methacrylate. This synthetic rubber was cheap and easy to make, so it was a no-brainer that it was used in World War 2, and helped out rubber companies such as the Goodyear Tyre and Rubber Company during the war. After the war, the need for natural rubber died down, and the need for synthetic rubbers increased dramatically.15 In the 1960s, EPDM (which is known as Ethylene propylene Terpolymer Rubber) was produced. The rubber is made by copolymerising by a diene derivative, ethylene and propylene. The rubber has many advantageous properties over the synthetic rubbers, one of them is that they have good electrical insulating properties. EPDM rubber are now found in our everyday life such as hose, solar panels, electrical insulation etc.16 The use of synthetic rubber is on a steep rise, and many new rubber materials have been made duri ng the 21st Century. Natural Rubber How it is made? Natural rubber is produced by biosynthetic processes (in the form of latex which is a white liquid that is found when you cut the plant up) in many plants, but mainly from the Hevea Brasiliensis (The rubber tree coming from Brazil). There are two biosynthetic process to make latex. In the first stage, Acetyl-coenzyme A is converted to melavanic acid which then is then converted to iso-pentyl-pyrophosphate. The second process is the polymerisation induced by the first stage of the biosynthesis, from this process latex is created. The rubber form of the latex is then form by coagulating the latex particles. The rubber is made from a polymerisation of naturally occurring cis-polyisoprene. 17 Figure 3:Cis-polyisoprene, natural rubber 18 Properties of Raw Natural Rubber The rubber has a clear colour and hasnt got a well-defined shape and it is soft and sticky, however when the rubber is cooled down it crystalizes, so has a well-defined shape. The rubber has a low tensile strength meaning it tends to break if a low amount of tensile stress is put into it. It has a low abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will wear out quickly. It is soluble to organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). It is insoluble to hydrophilic solvents such as water, acetone, and alcohol. The rubber has a high elastic property, this means that when the rubber is stretched out it gets bigger, but when it is released the rubber goes back into its original shape. The rubber can only be elastic between 10 0C to 60 0C, this means under hot conditions the rubber would lose its elasticity. Another pro perty of the natural rubber is that it absorbs a large amount of water this means that it will be always wet and would need to dry it out before the next stage of the process. 19 Advantage of Raw Natural Rubber The hardness of the rubber can easily be adjusted, so can be able to shape or coat any form of objects this is because the rubber has a high elastic property, this means that when the rubber is stretched out it gets bigger, but when it is released the rubber goes back into its original shape. It can be used as an electrical conductor or an electrical insulator. Can be able to absorb vibration and noise. It is insoluble to hydrophilic solvents such as water, acetone, and alcohol. It also has a good surface friction so does not slide about easily. Disadvantage of Raw Natural Rubber The rubber can only be elastic between 10 0C to 60 0C, this means under hot conditions the rubber would lose its elasticity. The rubber has a low tensile strength meaning it tends to break if a low amount of tensile stress is put into it. It has a low abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will wear out quickly. It has a poor resistance to any organic compounds this is because It is soluble to organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). Another disadvantage of natural rubber is that it has a poor resistance to ozone meaning that when the ozone reacts with the double bonds it breaks, this causes a crack.20 The crack then grows steadily because of further ozone attacks so this causes the strength of the rubber to decrease massively and cause it to break. Another disadvantage of natural rubber is it has a poor UV resistance this also means that when it reacts with the double bond it breaks; this also means that cracks will from causing the tensile strength to be severely reduced meaning the strength of the rubber would be reduced massively and causing it to break. 20 Another disadvantage is that vulcanization of the rubber can occur spontaneously, so it is hard to control the raw state of the natural rubber. The vulcanization of Natural Rubber To improve the properties of the natural rubber, the process of vulcanisation is used to do this. Vulcanization is a process that involves adding natural rubber to a curing agent such as sulphur. The process is done under heat, so by heating the rubber in the presence of the curing agent the physical and chemical properties of the rubber would be significantly improved. The reason it does is, because when heating the rubber in the presence of the curing agent, the polymer chains are cross-linked by the agent, therefore the free-flowing macromolecules of the polymer chains becomes more rigid.21 Vulcanization must be under controlled condition to avoid creating a massive amount of cross-linking, this means that it will avoid making the rubber less elastic and more brittle. Figure 4: Cis-polyisoprene with sulphur cross-links after vulcanization 23 Properties of Vulcanised Rubber The rubber has a clear colour and it is hard and not sticky, when the rubber is cooled down it crystalizes, so has a well-defined shape. The rubber has a high tensile strength meaning it does not tend to break if a low amount of tensile stress is put into it. It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. It is not soluble to organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). It is insoluble to hydrophilic solvents such as water, acetone, and alcohol. The rubber has a high elastic property, this means that when the rubber is stretched out it gets bigger, but when it is released the rubber goes back into its original shape. The rubber can only be elastic between -40 0C to 100 0C which is better than what the given temperature range is for the natural rubber in its raw state, thi s means under hot conditions the rubber would not lose its elasticity. Another property of the natural rubber is that it does not absorb a large amount of water this means it can be dried easily before the next stage of the process. 23 Advantages of Vulcanised Rubber The hardness of the rubber can easily be adjusted, so can be able to shape or coat any form of objects this is because the rubber has a high elastic property, this means that when the rubber is stretched out it gets bigger, but when it is released the rubber goes back into its original shape. It can be used as an electrical conductor or an electrical insulator. Can be able to absorb vibration and noise. It is insoluble to hydrophilic solvents such as water, acetone, and alcohol. It is also insoluble to organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). It also has a good surface friction so does not slide about easily. The rubber has a high tensile strength meaning it does not tend to break if a low amount of tensile stress is put into it. It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. The rubber can only be elastic between -40 0C to 100 0C which is better than what the given temperature range is for the natural rubber in its raw state, this means under hot conditions the rubber would not lose its elasticity. Another advantage of the vulcanized rubber is that it does not absorb a large amount of water this means it can be dried easily before the next stage of the process. It has a better resistance to ozone and UV this means that less cracks form than in its raw state. This means that it is less likely to break than the raw natural rubber. Disadvantages of Vulcanised Rubber If the vulcanized rubber is burned it can be toxic for the workers and consumers this is because it contains sulphur cross-links which can form sulphur dioxide. Vulcanization must be under controlled condition to avoid creating a massive amount of cross-linking, this means that it will avoid making the rubber less elastic and more brittle. Another disadvantage of vulcanized rubber, is that when you heat the rubber it melts and then cools quickly, this is quite dangerous for the people who are handling it. Another disadvantage of using vulcanized rubber, is natural rubber are becoming more scarce, therefore the cost of making the vulcanized rubber is increasing. To overcome this problem, scientist have been trying to make vulcanized rubber out of synthetic rubbers such as styrene-butadiene rubbers (SBR), however the problem with this is that it is not cost effect and it is very expensive to make.24 Applications of Natural Rubber and Vulcanized Rubber The main usage of natural rubber is in the motor industry. It is used to make tyres and tubes in vehicles this is because it decreases any generation of heat in the tyres. It also offers high mechanical resistance. Tyres and tubes are used mainly in heavy duty vehicles such as trucks and tractors. 23 Natural rubbers can be used to make toys, footwear, balloons, glue and condoms. Another important application of natural rubbers is that they can be used to make latex gloves. Latex gloves are used in many industries such as the medical industry, chemical industry, and engineering industry, this is because due to the chemical and physical properties of the natural rubber mentioned above it can protect workers and consumers hands from hazardous chemicals.25 There are several applications for the vulcanized rubber. Vulcanized rubbers are much better to produce tyres than natural rubber this is due to having high abrasion resistance meaning tyres wont wear out quickly. The rubber is flexible, this means that it can be used to make hoses, tubes, coats etc Shock absorbers in vehicles are made from vulcanized rubbers due to being able to absorb vibrations easily.26 As the rubber, does not dissolve in water, it can be used to make waterproof clothing and footwears. Another application of using vulcanized rubber is that they can be used to produce cables for telephone housing, and can be able to produce insulations and conductors for electrical instruments. The reason why they are used in electrical instruments, is that have good electrical insulating and conducting properties. Synthetic Rubbers Synthetic Rubbers are made by copolymerising two different monomers under certain conditions. There are 3 conditions (the mixture can be in) it can be done in such as: emulsion, suspension and solution. There are 9 major classes of synthetic rubbers: Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubbers (NBR), Butyl Rubbers (IIR), Polychloroprene (CR), Ethylene-propylene rubbers (EPDM), Urethane rubbers (EU), Silicone rubbers (VMQ), Fluoroelestomer (FKM), Flurosilicone (FVMQ).27 In this 4 major classes are being discussed. Polychloroprene In 1930, an American scientist named Wallace Carothers and his team produced a compound called chloropropene which then polymerised to form a solid which had a rubbery texture. The team had found out that the properties of this new polymer was similar to that of natural rubber. This polymer was named as Neoprene and was the first commercially successful synthetic rubber.13 Neoprene is produced by the free-radical polymerisation of chloroprene. The chloroprene undergoes polymerisation under aqueous emulsion.28 Properties of Polychloroprene The rubber has a greyish green colour.28 The rubber has a high tensile strength meaning it does not tend to break if a low amount of tensile stress is put into it. It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. It can dissolve with organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). It is insoluble to hydrophilic solvents such as water, acetone, and alcohol. The rubber has a moderate elastic property, this means that when the rubber is stretched out it gets bigger, but when it is released the rubber goes back into its original shape. The rubber can only be elastic between -34 0C to 100 0C which is better than what the given temperature range is for the natural rubber, this means under hot conditions the rubber would not lose its elasticity. The rubber has a low flammability, and has a high resistance to weather and ozone.29 Figure 5: Polychloroprene 30 Advantages of Polychloroprene This rubber is tougher than natural rubber because it has a higher tensile strength than natural rubber meaning it does not tend to break if a low amount of tensile stress is put into it. It has a very high resistance to hot conditions and other weather conditions; this means that it does not melt or break easily. Another advantage of polychloroprene rubber is that they have a better resistance to ozone and UV this means that less cracks forms than in its natural counterpart. This means that it is less likely to break than the natural rubber. It has a low flammability and can be able to self-extinguish if it is on fire. The structure of the polychloroprene can be altered to create a new compound which can exhibit different chemical and physical properties. Disadvantages of Polychloroprene The rubber has a poor resistance to aromatic compounds such as benzene derivatives, they also have poor resistance to carbonyl compounds such as ketones and esters, and, also has a poor resistance to strong oxidising agents. Another disadvantage of polychloroprene, is that they are quite expensive to produce. 29 Typical applications of Polychloroprene Production of hoses Making belts Making cable covers for electrical instruments Styrene-butadiene Rubber In the 1930s, a German chemist named Walter bock had developed a new synthetic rubber which had better properties than that of natural rubber. He first tried to copolymerise dimethyl butadiene with isoprene and butadiene, this was successful as the new polymer had similar properties to the natural rubber. He then replaced dimethyl butadiene with styrene and copolymerised with butadiene, the polymer was named as SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber).14 Styrene-butadiene Rubber is produced by the free-radical polymerisation of styrene mixed with butadiene. The monomers undergo free- radical polymerisation under aqueous emulsion. The monomers can also undergo polymerisation in the form of solution.31 Properties of Styrene-butadiene Rubber The rubber has a brown -black colour. 31 The rubber has a high tensile strength meaning it does not tend to break if a low amount of tensile stress is put into it. It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. It can dissolve with organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). It is soluble to hydrophilic solvents such as water, acetone, and alcohol. The rubber has a moderate elastic property, this means that when the rubber is stretched out it gets bigger, but when it is released the rubber goes back into its original shape. The rubber can only be elastic between -45 0C to 100 0C which is better than what the given temperature range is for the Polychloroprene, this means under hot conditions the rubber would not lose its elasticity. 29 Figure 6: Styrene-butadiene rubber 32 Advantages of Styrene-butadiene Rubber This rubber is tougher than natural rubber because it has a higher tensile strength than natural rubber meaning it does not tend to break if a low amount of tensile stress is put into it. It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. Another advantage of styrene-butadiene rubber is that it is much more cost effective than natural rubber, and the production of the rubber is much more efficient than its natural counterpart. Disadvantages of Styrene-butadiene Rubber It has a poor resistance to any organic compounds this is because It is soluble to organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). Another disadvantage of natural rubber is that it has a poor resistance to ozone meaning that when the ozone reacts with the double bonds it breaks, this causes a crack. The crack then grows steadily because of further ozone attacks so this causes the strength of the rubber to decrease massively and cause it to break. Fillers like carbon black are needed to strengthen the rubber. Typical applications of Styrene-butadiene Rubber Production of car tyres Making mats Making shoe soles Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubbers In 1931, scientists IG Farben developed a synthetic rubber which consisted of copolymerising acrylonitrile with butadiene, the polymer was known as NBR (Nitrile-butadiene rubber), it was the later known as Buna-N for commercial purposes. 14 Styrene-butadiene Rubber is produced by the free-radical polymerisation of styrene mixed with butadiene. The monomers undergo free- radical polymerisation under aqueous emulsion.14 Properties of Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubbers The rubber has a yellowish colour.33 It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. It is insoluble with organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). It is insoluble to hydrophilic solvents such as water, acetone, and alcohol. The rubber has a good elastic property, this means that when the rubber is stretched out it gets bigger, but when it is released the rubber goes back into its original shape. The rubber can only be elastic between -34 0C to 121 0C which is better than what the given temperature range is for the Polychloroprene, this means under hot conditions the rubber would not lose its elasticity. However, at low temperature, the rubber loses its elasticity.29 Figure 7: Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile)34 Advantages of Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubbers It has a very high resistance to hot conditions and other weather conditions; this means that it does not melt or break easily. Another advantage of Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubber is that they have a better resistance to ozone and UV this means that less cracks forms than in its natural counterpart. This means that it is less likely to break than the natural rubber. It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. Another advantage of Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubber is that it has a high resistance in oil this is because It is insoluble with organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). 29 Disadvantages of Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubbers At low temperature, the rubber loses its elasticity. Another disadvantage of Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubbers, is that they have poor resistance to carbonyl compounds such as ketones and esters, and, also has a poor resistance to strong oxidising agents. 29 Typical applications of Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubbers Making nitrile gloves Can be used for O-rings Can be used to make hoses and tubing Ethylene propylene Terpolymer Rubber In the 1960s, EPDM (which is known as Ethylene propylene Terpolymer Rubber) was produced. The rubber is made by copolymerising by a diene derivative, ethylene and propylene. The rubber has many advantageous properties over the synthetic rubbers, one of them is that they have good electrical insulating properties. EPDM rubber are now found in our everyday life such as hose, solar panels, electrical insulation etc. 16 Ethylene propylene Terpolymer Rubber is produced by the copolymerisation of ethylene, propylene and a diene derivative. The monomers under copolymerisation in the form of solution. Figure 8: EPDM 35 Properties of Ethylene propylene Terpolymer Rubber The rubber has a yellowish colour. It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. It is insoluble with organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar). It is insoluble to hydrophilic solvents such as water, acetone, and alcohol. The rubber has a good elastic property, this means that when the rubber is stretched out it gets bigger, but when it is released the rubber goes back into its original shape. The rubber can only be elastic between -40 0C to 149 0C which is better than what the given temperature range is for the Poly(Butadiene-acrylonitrile) rubber, this means under hot conditions the rubber would not lose its elasticity. 29 Advantages of Ethylene propylene Terpolymer Rubber It has a very high resistance to hot conditions and other weather conditions; this means that it does not melt or break easily so does not age very easily. Another advantage of Ethylene propylene Terpolymer rubber is that they have a better resistance to ozone and UV this means that less cracks forms than in its natural counterpart. This means that it is less likely to break than the natural rubber. It has a high abrasion resistance meaning the rubber will not wear out quickly. The rubber is very cost effective, so it is cheaper to make than the other rubber compounds. 29 Disadvantages of Ethylene propylene Terpolymer Rubber It has a poor resistance to oils, this is because It is insoluble with organic solvents such as turpentine (which is an oiled that is attained by the distillation of resin from pine trees), ether, petrol, carbon tetrachloride, and naphtha (which is an oil attained by the distillation of coal tar).29 Typical applications

Capital Punishment Essay - Beyond Horror and Incivility -- Argumentati

The Death Penalty: Beyond Horror and Incivility       "Capital punishment is the infliction of the death penalty on persons convicted of a crime" (Americana 596). Killing convicted felons has been one of the most widely practiced forms of criminal punishment in the United States. Currently, the states that do no practice the death penaly are Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, West Virginia and Wisconsin. However, for the remaining states that do practice the death penalty, it has been a topic of debate for many years. There are two parties who argue over its many points, including whether or not it is a fitting and adequate punishment, whether or not it acts as a deterrent to crime and whether or not it is morally wrong. These two classes of people can be grouped together as the retentionists, or the proponents, and the abolitionists, or the opponents (596). For the retentionists, the main reasons they are in support of the death penalty are to take revenge, to deter others, and to punish. They are most concerned with the protection of society from dangerous criminals. In spite of all this however, the death penalty is not a good form of criminal punishment for many reasons: it is morally wrong, it does not act as a deterrent for crime, it is irreversible and can be inflicted upon people who are innocent, it is more expensive than imprisonment and those who are convicted commonly use the costly process of appealing the decision and there is no chance to make restitution to the victim and/or the victim's family.    "People that favor the death penalty agree that capital punishment is a relic of barbarism, but as murder itself is barbaric... ...pectacle of publicly sanctioned killing has cheapened human life and dignity without the redeeming grace which comes from justice meted out swiftly, evenly, humanely" (Draper 44).    Works Cited Amnesty International Report. The Death Penalty. England: Amnesty International Publications, 1979. Bedau, Hugo Adam. The Death Penalty in America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. "Capital Punishment." Encyclopedia Americana. 1990 ed. Draper, Thomas. Capital Punishment. New York: H. W. Wilson, 1985. Horwitz, Elinor Lander. Capital Punishment U.S.A. New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1973. Jayewardene, C. H. S. The Penalty of Death. Massachusetts:Lexington, 1977. Meador, Roy. Capital Revenge: 54 Votes Against Life. Philadelphia:Dorrance, 1975. "Violent Crime Control And Law Enforcement Act of 1994." 3/8/95(date retrieved).   

Comparing Coleridge and Wordsworths Views on Peoples Relationship to

Comparing Coleridge and Wordsworth's Views on People's Relationship to Nature Although Wordsworth and Coleridge are both romantic poets, they describe nature in different ways. Coleridge underlines the tragic, supernatural and sublime aspect of nature, while Wordsworth uses anecdotes of everyday life and underlines the serene aspect of nature. In order to imply a connection between nature and the human mind, Wordsworth uses the technique of identification and comparison whereas Coleridge does the opposite in 'The Ancient Mariner' and 'Kubla Khan'. Both admire nature's healing strength and hope that their children will grow up in a natural environment instead of growing up in cities. For Wordsworth nature seems to sympathise with the love and suffering of the persona. The landscape is seen as an interior presence rather than an external scene. His idea is that emotions are reflected in the tranquillity of nature. On the contrary, Coleridge says that poetry is clearly distinguished from nature. Reading the poems of both Wordsworth and Coleridge, one immediately notes a difference in the common surroundings presented by Wordsworth and the bizarre creations of Coleridge. Thus they develop their individual attitudes towards life. I will look at differences and similarities concerning people?s relationship to nature in poems by Coleridge and Wordsworth such as: ?The Ancient Mariner?, ?Kubla Khan?, ?The Nightingale,? ?Lucy?, ?Tintern Abbey,? ?There was a boy?, ? Old Beggar?, ?I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud? and "Frost at Midnight". In ?The Ancient Mariner,? Coleridge demonstrates how violating nature and her subjects brings doom to the infracted. In this poem, the poet emphasises the vengeful, dark side ... ...heir respective views on nature. Wordsworth illustrates man?s necessary bond to nature, one that was being destroyed by state men. Coleridge chooses to present nature as a natural law that one should not violate. Coleridge?s ?Ancient Mariner? poem makes me think of a painting by the romantic painter Turner. Especially of his painting of ? the slave ship? painted in 1840. This painting depicts a slave ship in the red sunset heading into a typhoon creating an anxious feeling. I think that Coleridge poem can be compared with Turner and his apocalyptic view of nature, and Wordsworth can be compared to Constable with his peaceful landscape of English countryside. Bibliography: Holmes, Richard. Coleridge: darker reflection: London: HarperCollins, 1998 Abrahms, M. H, eds. The Norton Anthology of English Literature, vol. 2, 7th edition. New York, 2000

Studying Deviance from a Socio-cultural Stance

Robert K. Merton describes deviance as a unaccepted means of attaining socially important goals. His term innovation requires the person to obtain such goals (wealth, power, etc†¦) in socially unacceptable means, therefore placing the person in the category of a deviant. The strengths of looking at deviance in criminology are the boundless resources of sociologists and other social scientists such as Merton, Emile Durkheim, and George Herbert Mead.Their works are timeless and to the point as they do not need to reflect the current state of societies and instead only the underlying conflict theories from that school of thought that they represent. They are complimentary to current studies, but herein lies the weakness and that is the ever-changing actors and states in societies that need to be studied. The most important factor is the socio-cultural root of socially important goals that deviancy holds many times for the criminal.Those born into poverty and those whose ethnicity o r other minority status puts them into societal disadvantage may innovate ways to achieve simple survival when economies fail them. These socio-cultural roots need to be further explored. The past decade has shown more minority arrests on the part of women and black men, for example. A research study done by the National Institute of Justice suggests that rates of violent crimes by women is on the increase and the term â€Å"marginalized† is used to possibly explain that the most vulnerable women (those who are victims of crimes perpetuated by others) are most likely to commit crimes themselves.But the weakness is the absence of explanation as to why now this is a growing problem as women have always held minority status, but have not shown this level of deviancy. Black men are another group that is disproportionately incarcerated in relation to whites. The question may be of what is the rate of arrest vs. conviction? Is it that these minority populations are being arrested a t higher rates and inevitably convicted due to the financial strain of defense and, in fact deviancy has not changed, arresting attitudes have changed?Research is of the utmost importance in revealing these answers. At any rate these are socio-cultural issues, as is the issue of the images and glamorization of crime in some groups. Pierce and Singleton (1995) suggest that in young African American youth achieving is related to a sense of competence and that that competence represents a sense of control over their possibly out-of-control environments.Innovation then is transformed into deviancy when control and competence is the desired outcome. Looking at conflict theory and economics is the key to understanding this, but it does make it difficult for the Criminologist, as he or she must look to the current state of affairs in a society and look back to theories; sometimes in other disciplines to comprehend deviancy. Studies must be done on motivation and perception, which are highl y psychological.Organizational Behavior offers insight into, such deviant topics as gangs and recruitment, etc†¦Political Science may be utilized to look at other comparable societies to one’s own and the crime rate in relation to regime/regime change and other political factors. Theology (and the Protestant Ethic, for example) may offer insight into deviancy of past and present, as well. But, most importantly a Criminologist must understand the socio-cultural roots, stereotypes, and cultural bias that exists in his/her own community of interest to understand deviancy as innovation and the roots of all this. References Eitzen, D. S.   Phi Delta Kappan. April 1992.   â€Å"Problem Students: The Sociocultural Roots†.   p.587. Mead, G.H. (1918) â€Å"The Psychology of Punitive Justice†, American Journal of Sociology 23: 577-602. National Institute of Justice.   (1999).   â€Å"Research on Women and Girls in the Justice System: Plenary Papers of the 1999 Conference on Criminal Research and Evaluation-Enhancing Policy and Practice Through Research†. Volume 3. Pierce, W.J. & Singleton, S.M.   (1995).   â€Å"Improvisation as a concept for understanding and treating violent behavior among African American youthâ€Å". Families in Society. 76(7).   pp.444-450.

The Game That Went Wrong!

It was 9. 00pm on a dark and cold night. Michael, Simon, Steffanie and Gemma were walking through the woods. â€Å"God it's a bit dark here init! † said Steff as they were trudging through the dirt and the tall, dark trees. â€Å"God you're a wimp! † said Mike as he came up behind her and scared her half to death. Steff grabbed his hand so tightly you could nearly see his face turn purple. â€Å"Guys†¦..! † shouted gem a few feet behind them, â€Å"I think we've lost si! † â€Å"What do you mean LOST him? † â€Å"He was right behind us! † said a scared and worried steff, â€Å"you know si, he's probably just being stupid† â€Å"yeh well it isn't very funny is it! Si, Si, give it up now, it isn't funny† They kept walking while shouting him. â€Å"Guys, he's bin gone for nearly an hour now, where is he? † gem said! They kept walking and finally came to the end of the woods; Steff was really worrying about him now. â€Å"I thought I said to stick together but no†¦ That's too much to ask isn't it! We can't do anything without someone going missing or something going wrong! † â€Å"Try his mobile† gem pulled out her mobile and started ringing him, â€Å"it's switched off! † â€Å"Great†¦ just bloody great! † â€Å"Si! † screamed steff. It was at this point that everyone was starting to get worried. What if something has happened to him? † â€Å"Will you shut up; you're giving me a headache! Look he said he was going to hide in the woods and try and scare you but he's been gone way too long now! † â€Å"Be careful, the last thing we need is to loose another one of us! † â€Å"Ill b fine! † Mike set off back inside the woods. It was even darker now as 2 hours had nearly passed. â€Å"What happens if we never see him again, I mean he could have been killed or anything! † â€Å"Steff!!!! Will you shut up, he will be fine, he's very much alive just lost or something! Stop exaggerating and calm down! † Mike came walking back towards us; there was no sign of Si! â€Å"Well†¦ where is he? Please tell me you found him! † â€Å"No, ive looked everywhere but there was no sign of him, all I found was this! † he put his hand in his jacket pocket and pulled out Si's phone and wallet! â€Å"Oh my god! † â€Å"Something must have happened to him,† â€Å"He will turn up, don't worry, you know what Si is like! † â€Å"Its getting late, we gota tell someone! † â€Å"Look†¦ I aint leaving until we have found him! † â€Å"Im not giving up, he wouldn't give up on us! † It was at this point that everyone was panicking and didn't know what to do. Ring his mum; ask her if she's heard from him! † Gem pulled out her phone and started to ring, there was no answer, â€Å"I think they must be out or something because they aren't answering. † We've got half an hour to find him! † â€Å"If he doesn't turn up we'll just have to hope he's turned up at home or something! † They all stayed together and kept searching but they didn't find him, it was now 11. 30pm and to it was too dark and too late to keep looking for him. â€Å"I think we should get going† They all started walking up the street â€Å"I will try ringing his parents again when I get in, if I hear anything I will let u know! Mike said as he was walking down his drive, â€Å"ok†¦ I hope he is ok! † â€Å"See ya tomorrow! † It was a very long night for everyone, they didn't have a clue where Simon was or where he had gone, Steff was all up night as she couldn't sleep as she was too worried about Simon. Every time she looked at the clock just an hour had passed, 2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, 4 o'clock and yet still no one had heard anything about Si. The next day Steff rang Mike to see if he had heard anything. â€Å"No I haven't, I rang his parents again this morning and they said they haven't heard from him and he never came home last night! they thought he had they said that they were worried so they have rang around and nobody has seen him so they rang the police to file a missing persons report so I think they have gone out looking for him! † â€Å"What exactly did you say to them, how did they take it? † â€Å"Well I spoke to his mum and I told her we were just messing about and we were just playing, then we lost Si and we went looking for him but couldn't find him, she was pretty upset, she started crying and I didn't know what to say, She said that if he's not found by within the next few hours could we give in a statement so I said yes? â€Å"Oh my god, what happens if we never see him again, it's my entire fault! † â€Å"Steff just calm down, we don't know what's happened yet, we just got to wait and see, it isn't your fault, it isn't any of our faults, we just got to stay calm and stick together! † â€Å"I hope he's ok or I will never forgive myself! † â€Å"Look I'm really sorry but I've got to go now, a police car has just pulled up outside my house! † â€Å"Ok, what are you going to say? † â€Å"I'm gonna be honest and tell them everything! † â€Å"Ok ring me later and tell me how it's gone, tra! Mike opened the door to the two police officers and they came in and sat down. With the look on the officers faces, Mike started to worry, â€Å"Were very sorry to deliver this news to you but I'm afraid we found Simons body! † â€Å"We found it in a black bag amongst some bushes deep in the woods, were very sorry! † Mike paused and didn't say anything, he was completely taken back. â€Å"God!! I didn't think he was dead, when did you find him, we were only having a bit of fun!! † â€Å"Were very sorry! † â€Å"I think his parents may want to speak to you shortly! † â€Å"Err err yeh that's ok! † the police officers got up and walked out! â€Å"

Department of Homeland Security Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Department of Homeland Security - Research Paper Example The U.S Department of Homeland Security follows the rules and regulations passed by the Congress and enacted by the President. The cabinet agency operates under the leadership of a Secretary appointed by the U.S President.Security was the fundamental reason of developing the U.S Department of Homeland Security. The agency has an ultimate vision of guaranteeing a safe, secure, and resilient homeland that is against terrorism and other potential hazards (Department of Homeland Security 1). Indeed, the agency operates under three key fundamental concepts of national homeland security strategy that include resilience, security, customs, and exchange. Furthermore, the development of the agency had five distinct homeland security missions that included securing and managing U.S borders, enhancing resilience to disasters, safeguarding and securing cyberspace, enforcing and administering U.S immigration laws as well as preventing terrorism and enhancing state security (Department of Homeland Security 1). The agency ensures that all of its regulatory initiatives comply with its guiding principles that relate to the protection of civil rights and civil liberties, integration of U.S actions, establishment of coalitions and partnerships, development of human resources, innovation, and accountability to the American citizens (Department of Homeland Security 1). The U.S Department of Homeland Security components define how the agency pursues its mission.The U.S Department of Homeland Security is currently.

Explanation of Positive Behavioral Support Matrix Essay

Explanation of Positive Behavioral Support Matrix - Essay Example The steps which are essential for process of PBS are the following,1. Behavior support team building: The process begins by developing a team which will be consists of the key stakeholders who are involved with the school children’s life. Family members, friends, and early educator can be the part of the team.2. Child-oriented planning: This process brings the team members together and discusses the strength of the child and his future vision and mission which will ultimately support the child and his family.3. Behavioral and functional assessment: It involves the collection of data, observing them, and analysis of the information to develop a clear and proper understanding of the relationship between the events which trigger the behavior of the child. 4. Development of hypothesis: Assessment process can be completed by a proper behavioral hypothesis statement. It will give a summarized view about the behavior, triggers, and its consequences. 5. Development of support plan: Ac cording to the result of hypothesis a support plan should be developed, the components of which should be related to the prevention strategy which will be in the alignment with the problem behavior.6. Monitor outcome: Evaluate the outcome and effectiveness. It should include the measurement of positive changes in problem behavior and achieve new skill for a more efficient outcome.Positive behavioral support is related to three kinds of prevention level such as primary level, secondary level and tertiary level (Sailor, 2009).

Questioning, Battling and Identifying With Certain Types of Identities Essay

Questioning, Battling and Identifying With Certain Types of Identities throughout Lives - Essay Example The researcher states that even though the narrative â€Å"Reflections of a 17 - Year Old† is being done by an American girl who is about to embark on a college life for the first time, it still provides a valuable insight into how a person reaching the age of maturity finds himself or herself battling multiple identities. Although a person is looking forward to the independence that life brings once he Reaches College, that person is still uncertain of whether he or she can actually handle the new life he or she is entering into. In a way, Plath in the essay is speaking of how she is creating a new identity for herself once she enters college, one that will help her adjust to the demands of her new life and in the process, help her develop into a better individual as well. Plath allows us an insight into how she was feeling on the day that she realized that she was no longer a child but rather, a young adult soon to face the challenges and uncertainties of life by telling the reader: â€Å"Somehow I have to keep and hold the rapture of being 17. Every day is so precious I feel infinitely sad at the thought of all this time melting farther and farther away from me as I grow older. Now, now is the perfect time of my life.† Sylvia Plath clearly depicted the fear that every 17 years old, male or female, has about that age that is considered the turning point in every adults life. 17 is the age when one is neither a child nor an adult anymore in the eyes of the world. It is a transition age into the age of legality when people expect more mature decisions and a sense of responsibility from a teenager. It is the fear that every teenager has. That the fun and fancy-free life are once known to him or she will now be a thing of the past.

Human Right Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Right Law - Essay Example cember 2001 with a major focus on countering terrorism.2 By this, several provisions were made including ways of fighting terrorists and their schemes. Since the coming of the Anti-terrorism legislation however, there have been several public debates on the appropriateness of the law when viewed from the perspective of human rights infringement. This is because whereas some think it is appropriate that terrorist atrocities must be battled in any way possible, others argue that trampling on the human rights of innocent people to get the right thing done could be equally terrorising in nature.3 This paper therefore seeks to critically analyse the claim that the erosion of human rights through anti-terrorism schemes cannot be justified. The analysis is made from a legal perspective by reviewing legal principles, case law and statutes that help in understand the issues better. There is no denying the fact that the number one reason for any anti-terrorism campaign is to ensure the protection of the freedoms, liberties and fundamental human rights of people. This is because acts of terrorism always come with adverse effects on people and property that in the end impede the successful exercising of their civil freedoms, liberties and rights.4 By having anti-terrorism programmes and campaigns therefore, a very giant step is taken to ensuring some levels of fairness in society where abuses that happen as a result of terrorism can be confronted. Very unfortunately, studies have showed that anti-terrorism is more difficult and challenging to achieve than a single terrorist may get through with the launch of multiple acts of terror.5 This is because whereas terrorist attacks take place by people who are ready to loss their lives and the lives of others, those engaged in anti-terrorism, including counter-terrorism must be careful to ensure that innocent lives and property are protected. It has been for this reason that advocates for anti-terrorism have continued to use stiffer