The Gulf Of Mexico, Louisiana, Mississippi, And Alabama

Introduction The Gulf of Mexico, an ocean basin mostly surrounded by the North America continental, is generally referred as the south coast of America and one of the major regions for source and infrastructure of oil and gas supply in the United States. Four of the states including Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama on the Gulf of Mexico consist of the significant petroleum-producing area. According to the data provided by the Energy Information Administration [1], the Gulf of Mexico offshore oil and natural gas production account for 17% and 5% respectively of the total U.S. crude oil and dry gas production. Additionally, about 45% of the petroleum refining and 51% of the natural gas processing capacity in the United States are spread out on the Gulf of Mexico. Formation of the Geological Structure According to the geological definition, the Gulf of Mexico is an ocean basin bounded on the northeast, north, and northwest by the Gulf Coast of the United States, on the southwest and south by Mexico, and on the southeast by Cuba. The formation of Gulf of Mexico can be dated back to the late Triassic, which was about 300 million years ago. The ancient mega-continent Pangea was split by a 6,000 km long crack into two supercontinents--Laurentia and Gondwana [2], which are mostly the North America and the South America with Africa. During the extension and stretching of the super-continents Laurentia and Gondwana, there was a great rift basin being formed across SouthShow MoreRelatedThe State Of Mississippi And How It Became The Territory It Is Today738 Words   |  3 Pagesthe state of Mississippi and how it became the territory it is today. Mississippi is located in the southern United States. The name was originated from the Mississippi river. Its date of statehood was December 10 , 1817. Jackson is the capital and largest city of Mississippi with about 170,000 people, according to Wikipedia.com. Mississippi’s state tree is magnolia, state bird is mockingbird. This state is the most religious state in the country for the past 4 to 5 years. Mississippi was the territoryRead MoreBPs Commitment to the Recovery of Natural Resources863 Words   |  3 Pagesresources in the Gulf soon after an injury is identified, reducing the time needed to achieve restoration of those resources. Projects under way Ten projects were approved in two separate phases. Phase I projects The eight initial projects will restore and enhance wildlife, habitats and the services provided by those habitats, as well as provide additional access for fishing, boating and related recreational uses. The projects are in Alabama, Florida, Louisiana and Mississippi. The trustees approvedRead MoreSwot Analysis : Williams Fabricators994 Words   |  4 Pagesis a new start- up company able to provide services for concrete fabrication, utilizing formwork, laying foundations. concrete placement, and excavation. This company plans to serve the Gulf Coast region encompassing Florida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana these four states share a border with the Gulf of Mexico. This company plans to bid on contracts for commercial concrete projects along this border. The company plans to develop into a leading formwork service provider through the means ofRead MoreCause Of Flooding And Its Impacts On Society1352 Words   |  6 Pagesrebuilt which is an economic loss. Since so much of the population lives in coastal areas, one-third of the United States gross domestic product is produced in these areas as well as more than 28 million jobs. For example, the infrastructure in the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic coast regions are worth approximately $3 trillion. [3] 3.1 Impact on Ecology Floods play a key role in maintaining ecosystems and biodiversity. This includes recharging groundwater systems, filling wetlands, increasing the connectivityRead MoreThe Devastation Of The Hurricane Katrina1837 Words   |  8 Pagesstyle, Cajun cuisines, jazz music and its celebration of Mardi Gras will never be the same. New Orleans, Louisiana was changed forever in August 2005 when this category five hurricane left the city devastated. The catastrophic storm tore through the city of New Orleans and surrounding areas destroying everything in its path and killing hundreds of people. For millions of people living near the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of the United States, a team of weather experts in Miami were helping make a differenceRead MoreTyphoon Katrin The Deadliest Most Extraordinary Atlantic Storm830 Words   |  4 Pageshours it made landfall between Hallandale Shoreline and Aventura on the morning of August 25. The storm debilitated over area, yet it recaptured typhoon status around one hour in the wake of entering the inlet of Mexico [1]. The storm quickly escalated in the wake of entering the Gulf, developing from a Category 3 sea tempest to a Category 5 typhoon in only nine hours. This fast development was because of the storm s development over the uncommonly warm waters of the Loop Current, which expandedRead MoreThe Deepwater Horizon Oil Rig1485 Words   |  6 PagesThe Deepwater Horizon oil rig (April 20th 2010) situated near the Mississippi river delta in the Gulf of Mexico exploded sending over a period of 87 days 210 million U.S. gallons of crude oil onto the ocean’s surface as well as the coastlines of the Gulf states Texas, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida and Alabama. The magnitude of this oil spill was so awesome it could be seen from space and unfortunately took the lives of 11 people. British Petroleum (BP) has been found under numerous sets of circumstancesRead MoreHurricane Katrin Disasters And Disasters909 Words   |  4 Pages however as far as hurricanes go, Katrina was one of the five the most dangerous and devastating hurricanes of U.S. history. On August 28, 2005, Hurricane Katrina struck the Gulf Coast of the United States. The damage from the actual storm was devastating. Hundreds of thousands of people in Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama were displaced from their homes, and experts estimate that Katrina caused more than $100 billion in damage. History.com Staff (2009). The aftermath was even worse as the leveesRead MoreHurricane Katrina Essay866 Words   |  4 Pagesthere before strengthening rapidly in the Gulf of Mexico. The hurricane strengthened to a Category  5 hurricane over the warm Gulf water, but weakened before making its second landfall as a Category  3 hurricane on the morning of Monday, August 29 in southeast Louisiana. Hurricane Katrina was the most costly hurricane in history. This hurricane caused $81 billion in property damages, but it is estimated that the total economic impact in Louisiana and Mississippi may exceed $150 billion. Hurricane KatrinaRead MoreShould The North Dakota Pipeline Lead A Negative Ecological Impact? Essay1467 Words   |  6 Pagesin North Dakota, we have to review the worst oil spill to occur in the U.S. (ND Health). On April 20th, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded; releasing about 3.1 million barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. The rig was located 41 miles off the coast of Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico. It was owned by the off-shore drilling company, Transocean and leased by the oil company BP. The explosion occurred because of natural gas build up, breaking through a concrete core to keep it sealed for

Cross Functional Pilot Work Groups - 1148 Words

Results in Brief: AVP Road Shows are cross-functional pilot work groups consisting of individuals with expertise in various topics that will conduct presentations at local FAA facilities, for the purposes of information sharing and relationship building. Benefit or Need: The road show concept is not new to this organization. Although many believe the road show would be greatly beneficial, budget restraints have been cited as the reason for delayed implementation. However, the value in pursuing the road show is that AVP has the ability to play a powerful hands-on role in bridging the gap between headquarters and other FAA facilities. Some local facilities have expressed interest in these presentations; however, any road show†¦show more content†¦Dependent upon the target audience, topics could include (1) An Overview of Aviation Safety, (2) Accident Investigation Processes and Procedures, and (3) Accident Investigation and Prevention Data. †¢ Bridge the Gap with Program Office (PO) Focal Points: Results in Brief: Through shadowing opportunities and frequent opportunities to engage with colleagues over working lunch meetings, AVP promotes information sharing and a higher level of collaboration within AVS. Benefit or Need: Based upon my experience of shadowing AVP-1 during the AVS Management meeting and in the FAA mentorship program, I can attest to the benefits that shadowing offers employees. Opening this opportunity to employees who are interested in learning more about our division promotes an environment of learning throughout the office. Likewise, more frequent meetings with PO focal points enhance communication flow and relationship building. Blueprint: Establishing a regular communication method to promote employee shadowing opportunities is a great way to promote free educational training and advance information sharing in the office. These types of opportunities would be distributed via email once or twice a month. Likewise, optional quarterly brown bags in the form of working lunch meetings are a great way to connect branches and designated PO focal points. A method would be established to create open communication flow between offices in order to accomplish

Consumer Behavior Sample Exam (Master) Free Essays

| |1. |The process of the exposure, attention, and interpretation of sensations is known as which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |perception | | | | | | | |b. We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior Sample Exam (Master) or any similar topic only for you Order Now | | |seeing | | | | | | | |c. | | | |thinking | | | | | | | |d. | | |sensing | | | | | | | |e. | | | |interpretation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |a | | | | | |2. |An online shopping experience in which you can try on clothes is an example of which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |4D reality | | | | | | | |b. | | |differential reality | | | | | | | |c. | | | |modern reality | | | | | | | |d. | | |augmented reality | | | | | | | |e. | | | |digitized reality | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |d. | | | | | |3. |Which of the following senses is most closely linked to the limbic system? | | | |a. | | | |taste | | | | | | | |b. | | |touch | | | | | | | |c. | | | |smell | | | | | | | |d. | | |sound | | | | | | | |e. | | | |sight | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |c | | | | | |4. |Marketing messages that have a clearly defined stimulus as the focal point make use of which of the following principles? | | | |a. | | | |principle of interpret ational bias | | | | | | | |b. | | |schema principle | | | | | | | |c. | | | |closure principle | | | | | | | |d. | | | |figure-ground principle | | | | | | |e. | | | |principle of similarity | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |d. figure-ground principle | | | | | |5. |Bertie Bott’s Every Flavor Beans are an example of which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |fictional reality | | | | | | | |b. | | |product placement | | | | | | | |c. | | | |augmented reality | | | | | | | |d. | | |product positioning | | | | | | | |e. | | | |hyperreality | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |e. | | | | | |6. |Which of the following best exemplifies a difference between absolute threshold and differential threshold? | | | |a. | | | |Absolute thresholds are defined by the j. n. d. , whereas differential thresholds are scientifically measured. | | | | | | | |b. | | |Absolute thresholds are the same between all people, whereas differential thresholds vary depending on t he person. | | | | | | | |c. | | | |Differential thresholds do not rely on relative difference, which is a key factor of absolute thresholds. | | | | | | | |d. | | |Differential thresholds constantly change, whereas absolute thresholds remain the same. | | | | | | | |e. | | | |Differential thresholds apply to the difference between two stimuli, whereas absolute thresholds apply to only one. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |e | | | | | |7. |In large portions of the developing world, refrigeration is a luxury. Because of this, ice cream and cold Coca-Cola are viewed as status| | | |symbols. In creating an advertising campaign for a new ice cream, advertisers may wish to draw on the strong feelings associated with | | | |cold products by utilizing which of the following? | | |a. | | | |evaluation | | | | | | | |b. | | | |sensory perception | | | | | | | |c. | | |hedonic consumption | | | | | | | |d. | | | |sensory inputs | | | | | | | |e. | | |attention | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |c | | | | | |8. |Which of the following is a similarity between the emotional impact and the design of a product? | | | |a. | | |Both are key elements of the marketing strategies of Proctor and Gamble. | | | | | | | |b. | | | |Both have an increasing impact on consumers’ buying decisions. | | | | | | | |c. | | | |Both are less important than price and product quality. | | | | | | |d. | | | |Both matter only when marketing items that are household staples. | | | | | | | |e. | | | |Both are shown to be more important for older consumers. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |b | | | | | |9. |You notice a giant new billboard when driving to work one day. It has been cut out in the shape of the car it is advertising, and its | | | |bright red color continually catches your attention, as you look at it out of the corner of your eye as you drive. The marketing team | | | |behind this ad was likely trying to create which of the following ? | | | |a. | | |discrimination | | | | | | | |b. | | | |contrast | | | | | | | |c. | | |adaptation | | | | | | | |d. | | | |relevance | | | | | | | |e. | | |exposure | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |b | | | | |10. |You grew up drinking ginger ale only when you were sick. Now, you associate ginger ale with being sick but well-taken care of. This is | | | |an example of which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |belief | | | | | | | |b. | | |gestalt | | | | | | | |c. | | | |memory | | | | | | | |d. | | |sublimination | | | | | | | |e. | | | |schema | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |e | | | | | |11. |Which of the following most likely does NOT represent a key factor in Method’s ability to secure a major contract with Target over more | | | |traditional brands, such as Proctor and Gamble? | | | |a. | | |a move away from traditional, staid forms of marketing | | | | | | | |b. | | | |an increased emphasis on emotional impact and surprise | | | | | | | |c. | | |the appeal of a tried and true, high-quality product | | | | | | | |d. | | | |the use of a unique, aesthetically pleasing design | | | | | | | |e. | | |a realization that consumers want unusual, exotic products | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |c | | | | | |12. |As technologies improve, which of the following marketing techniques do you expect to see expand in use? | | | |a. | | | |psychophysics | | | | | | | |b. | | |trade dress | | | | | | | |c. | | | |hedonic marketing | | | | | | | |d. | | |subliminal messaging | | | | | | | |e. | | | |augmented reality | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |e | | | | | |13. |As debate rages over whether there are some places that should inherently be off limits to advertisements, which of the following might | | | |present an additional argument from a marketing perspective towards keeping some spaces sacred? | | | |a. | | | |Advertisements may have a negative impact on brain function and young chi ldren’s ability to focus. | | | | | | |b. | | | |Hedonic consumption can extend to place and time, so marketers may one day be able to market the absence of ads. | | | | | | | |c. | | | |Maintaining natural beauty and untouched places is critical so that these images can be used for marketing campaigns. | | | | | | | |d. | | |Consumers have only limited attentions, so offering them certain breaks will make them more likely to pay attention to ads in other | | | |places. | | | | | | | |e. | | | |It is important for advertisers to stay on the good side of consumers; otherwise, marketing would cease to be effective. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |d. | | | | | |14. |As the economy begins to recover after the global banking crises of 2009 and 2010, which might you expect to see? | | | |a. | | |increased package sizes | | | | | | | |b. | | | |less frivolous product placement | | | | | | | |c. | | |higher differential thresholds | | | | | | | |d. | | | |more sensor y marketing | | | | | | | |e. | | |better advertising campaigns | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |a. | | | | |15. |Considering what you know about sensory marketing, which of the following would most likely NOT have contributed to the success of | | | |Apple’s iPhone? | | | |a. | | | |subliminal messaging | | | | | | | |b. | | |emotional impact | | | | | | | |c. | | | |use of the haptic sense | | | | | | | |d. | | |an aesthetically appealing design | | | | | | | |e. | | | |a natural user interface | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |a | | | | | |16. |You have been tasked with designing a marketing campaign for a new flavor of ice cream. Outline your campaign in detail, describing how | | | |you will not only appeal to hedonic consumption, but also ensure that your message will be heard by consumers. | | | | | | | | | | |1. |Which of the following is NOT an example of a sensation? | | | |a. | | | |thought | | | | | | | |b. | | |texture | | | | | | | |c. | | | |light | | | | | | | |d. | | |sound | | | | | | | |e. | | | |odor | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |a. thought | | | | | |2. |The process by which people select, organize, and interpret sensations is known as which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |attention | | | | | | | |b. | | |exposure | | | | | | | |c. | | | |perception | | | | | | | |d. | | |information processing | | | | | | | |e. | | | |interpretation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |c | | | | | |3. |Which of the following companies capitalized on consumer desire for pleasing product design? | | | |a. | | | |Clorox | | | | | | | |b. | | |Walmart | | | | | | | |c. | | | |Proctor and Gamble | | | | | | | |d. | | |Coca-Cola | | | | | | | |e. | | | |Method | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |e | | | | | |4. |Brain scans of consumers have shown that respondents show the fastest reaction times to which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |aesthetically pleasing packaging | | | | | | | |b. | | |well-known brands | | | | | | | |c. | | | |unique products | | | | | | | |d. | | |low pricing | | | | | | | |e. | | | |luxury goods | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |a | | | | | |5. |Which of the following best describes the haptic sense? | | | |a. | | | |sound | | | | | | | |b. | | |sight | | | | | | | |c. | | | |sight | | | | | | | |d. | | |touch | | | | | | | |e. | | | |smell | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |d | | | | | |6. |Marketing strategies where companies use the impact of sensations to attract consumers are known as which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |subliminal marketing | | | | | | | |b. | | |flash marketing | | | | | | | |c. | | | |competitive marketing | | | | | | | |d. | | |over marketing | | | | | | | |e. | | | |sensory marketing | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |e | | | | | |7. |The science of how the physical environment is integrated into our personal, subjective world is referred to as whic h of the following? | | | |a. | | | |biology | | | | | | | |b. | | | neuroscience | | | | | | | |c. | | | |psychophysics | | | | | | | |d. | | |sensology | | | | | | | |e. | | | |perceptional psychology | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |c | | | | | |8. |Combining a physical layer with a digital layer is known as which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |augmented reality | | | | | | | |b. | | |four dimensional reality | | | | | | | |c. | | | |digitized reality | | | | | | | |d. | | |differential reality | | | | | | | |e. | | | |web-based reality | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |a. augmented reality | | |9. |All of the following are factors that determine which stimuli consumers process EXCEPT which? | | | |a. | | | |perceptual defense | | | | | | | |b. | | |perceptual vigilance | | | | | | | |c. | | | |experience | | | | | | | |d. | | |attention | | | | | | | |e. | | | |adaptation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |d | | | | | |10. |Ti ny figures inserted into magazine advertising via high-speed photography or airbrushing are forms of which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |sensory overload | | | | | | | |b. | | |subliminal messaging | | | | | | | |c. | | | |attention | | | | | | | |d. | | |rich media | | | | | | | |e. | | | |perceptual filters | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |b. subliminal messaging | | | | | |11. |Which of the following is the process of assigning meaning to sensory stimuli? | | | |a. | | | |imprinting | | | | | | | |b. | | |interpretation | | | | | | | |c. | | | |relevance | | | | | | | |d. | | |priming | | | | | | | |e. | | | |expectation | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |b. | | | | | |12. |Which of the following principles states that one part of a stimulus will dominate while other parts recede? | | | |a. | | | |principle of interpretational bias | | | | | | | |b. | | |figure-ground principle | | | | | | | |c. | | | |closure principle | | | | | | | |d. | | |principle of similarity | | | | | | | |e. | | | |schema principle | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |b. | | | | | |13. |The process of making real what is initially simulation is referred to as which of the following? | | | |a. | | | |price leadership | | | | | | | |b. | | |subliminal perception | | | | | | | |c. | | | |reverse product placement | | | | | | | |d. | | |hyperreality | | | | | | | |e. | | | |perceptual positioning | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |d. | | | | | |14. |Which of the following is one of the three basic components of a marketing message? | | | |a. | | | |size | | | | | | | |b. | | |sign | | | | | | | |c. | | | |shape | | | | | | | |d. | | |index | | | | | | | |e. | | | |color | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |User Responses: |b. | | | | 1. Which of the following is one of the 3 basic components of a marketing message? Size/sign or object/shape/index/color 2. Which of the following is not a sensory reception? Eyes/nose/ears/bra in/mouth 3. The immediate response of our sensory receptors to basic stimuli is known as which of the following? Perception/sensation/attention/exposure/information processing 4. Target used consumer appreciation for great design to make all of the following designers household name EXCEPT which of the following? Philippe starch/karim Rashid/todd Oldham/Isaac Mizrahi/Aradhna Krishna 5. All but which of the following are examples of companies that capitalized on consumer desire for pleasing product design? Method/Coca Cola/Gillette/Apple/Target 6. The Limbic system is a characteristic of which sense? Smell/sight/sound/sight/touch 7. A characteristic that sticks with a consumer, helping him or her to remember a product in a positive and unique way, is referred to as which of the following? Phoneme/ visual cue/trade dress/sensory signature/audio watermark . Which of the following fields examines how we pick up and integrate sensory information? Neurobiology/perception studies/sensory dynamic/phrenology/psychophysics 9. Which of the following is NOT an example of an augmented reality? A fashionista virtual room/a yellow line showing a first down in football/goggle goggles/iButterifly/ video games 10. The fact that consumers are more likely to be aware of stimuli that relate to their current needs is known as? Perceptual defense/adaptation/attention/experience/perceptual vigilance 1. Embeds are forms of which of the following: Augmented reality/subliminal messaging/perceptual filters/rich media/sensory overload 12. Which of the following principles states that consumers tend to group together objects that share physical characteristics: Principle of similarity/closure principle/principle of Interpretational bias/figure-ground principle/schema principle 13. When certain stimuli evoke a set of benefits that we assign to the stimuli, it is referred to as which of the following: Schema/priming/expectation/imprinting/interpretation 14. Which of the following is a way that signs or symbols can connect to products: Size/sign/index/color/shape 15. Cases where fictional products that appear in shows become popular in the real world are known as: Reverse product placement/subliminal perception/augmented reality/perceptual positioning/price leadership |Which of the following principles states that people are likely to fill in the pieces in an incomplete picture, often without realizing it? |(1point) | | | |[pic][pic] | |[pic]schema principle | | | | | | | | | | |[pic][pic][pic] | |[pic]principle of interpretational bias | |[pic] | | | | | | | | | |[pic][pic][pic] | |[pic]closure principle | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic][pic] | |[pic]principle of similarity | | | | | | | | | | | |[pic][pic] | |[pic]figure-ground principle | | | | | How to cite Consumer Behavior Sample Exam (Master), Papers

First jazz quiz free essay sample

A very common style of playing the bass in jazz from the sass through the sass is called: Selected Answer: Incorrect running bass. Correct Answer: Correct walking bass. Question 2 Laying out, In Jazz music, Is: Selected Answer: Incorrect when the musicians decide how they are going to play the song. Correct Answer: Correct When a muscular doesnt play while another artist Is taking their solo. Question 3 1 out of 1 points ABA is an example of: Correct form Question 4Jazz players often use a technique (or groove) that gives the music a momentum and forward propelling feel. This style or effect Is called: Selected Answer: Incorrect vibrato. Correct swing. Question 5 In a typical Jazz performance: Incorrect will Just improvise the whole thing. Correct musicians will play the head first and then take solos. Question 6 The basic sequence of events Incorrect ABA. Correct head-solos-head. Question 7 Improvisation is: Correct Spontaneous/real time composing by the musician. We will write a custom essay sample on First jazz quiz or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Question 8 Which of these names is NOT a type of saxophone? Correct Coronet. Question 9Which of these is NOT a member of the Brass instrument family? Selected Incorrect Trombone. Correct Saxophone. Question 10 Which of these players is NOT normally a member of the rhythm section ? Selected Incorrect piano. Correct saxophone. Question 11 Jazz musicians often call the basic melody of a typical Jazz tune (which is played at the beginning and end of the piece) the: Selected Answer: Incorrect the bridge Correct a head Question 12 Form is: Correct how a song is put together. Question 13 One trip through a given songs chord progression is called: Incorrect a head Correct a chorus

Managing Process and Projects in ANLG

Introduction The banking industry is just part of the much larger financial services market. Like all large retail banks, ANLG has had the task of improving the performance of its operational processes which are responsible for generating and providing the bank’s services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Process and Projects in ANLG specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has had to be achieved while at the same time keeping some factors constant; the service delivery to the banking clientele remaining top notch and the costs incurred in the process kept to a minimal. In looking at this particular case of ANLG, the entire operational process yields both inputs and outputs which are based on the various activities involved in the process. The operational process is basically a link between inputs, outputs and resources and how the various activities involved transform the inputs into outputs. The sub ject of managing processes and projects basically looks into a system which is made up of various processes. In each process, inputs are transformed into outputs and all this involves planning and designing the production, the actual production of the item in question, delivery and all support variables, all which translate into the success of the objectives being met. The core functions are the development of the services and products that will be the outputs of the operational processes, the operations involved in the entire process as well as the marketing function which is somehow a subsidiary factor in the entire operation process. Support functions include the accounting and finance aspect, the technical factor, human resources function which looks at personnel or staff, and the function that relates to acquiring any relevant information to the given process. These are just a few examples which will vary with each operational process. Operational Processes The Call Centre Depa rtment This is a department run by the Call Centre Manager and its main operations are cantered on dealing with customer service enquiries which are basically requests for information on products or services that they need clarification on.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The calls received by the Call Centre Agents many times overwhelm them during the day and this is mainly because these are the operational hours for the banks. At night, not many people will think of making enquiries. The customers will want information on loans, their debit cards, various accounts operated by the bank and any services the bank may be providing (Ackoff). Fig. 1: Showing the operational processes in the Call Centre Department Facilities and staff are the major resources that are classified as inputs. In this case we have the call centre manager who manages and plans for the centre, the call centre agents who operate the calls, and equipment used to handle the calls such as the telephones and computers. The operator receives the call from the customer and first captures the caller’s details which may include, but are not limited to the customer’s name, customer’s account number if they have an account with the bank, their address and contacts. The queries presented by the customer are then entered into the system. Depending on what subject the caller wanted information on, they are given a feedback and in case the agent can’t provide satisfactory answers, they are rerouted to a more qualified person to handle the call, or are told to hold the line as their request is processed. For some cases, the Call Centre agent may have to call the customer back at a later time. Deliverables include providing the customer with answers to their enquiries and feeding the system with any information that may need to be looked into so as to improve the servi ce delivery (Davenport).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Process and Projects in ANLG specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Limitations The Call Centre Manager can clearly view all the calls being received by the operators and those that are yet to be received. Any customer calling continuously for a given amount of time will eventually give up if their calls are not answered and may assume they are being ignored. With a limited number of operators, not all calls can be attended to and this cuts down on the efficiency of the department in satisfying their callers. Some of the callers fail to have their queries answered while others will probably receive unsatisfactory replies because the operators are trying to attend to the large number of callers. At night the exact opposite scenario is played. Operators are practically redundant with hardly any calls being received (Deming). Filling in any vacancies in th is department is no mean feat. It is both time and resource consuming. An operator has to have knowledge of the banking operations and should be able to handle 15 simple banking enquiries. The entire recruitment process and training of the operator takes up to 8 weeks, and in the meantime the Call Centre strains the meagre staff and resources it has. Recommendations An automated system could be put in place to capture incoming calls where the callers would leave their details and queries so that they can be contacted at a later time. This way, the operators running the Call Centre in the night can make a follow up of these enquiries. Customers are left feeling happy and well attended to and definitely and the bank retains its clientele. The Personal Credit Control Department The Manager of this department is tasked with overseeing that the staffs attending to customers, who have surpassed their overdraft amounts, either bounce any cheques that may have been drawn or send a letter in forming the customer about the state of their account or transaction. This department only deals with individual accounts because those belonging to corporate entities need more interpretation. They are therefore handled by a different Fig. 2: Showing the operational processes in the Personal Credit Control DepartmentAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Depositing cheques and drafts is actually a form of credit exchange. If the cheque drawn is valid, then the person whose name and details appear on the cheque is paid following instructions to the bank indicated on the cheque. When a draft is moved by authorization to a specific bank, it is deposited there and is equivalent to a cash deposit. In both cases, no actual money in the form of notes and or coins is used in the transactions so it is entirely of a credit nature. In the cases where the account against which the cheque is drawn has insufficient funds, the cheque bounces and as a result the bearer of the cheque is not credited. The department I thus tasked with informing them of the state of the transaction. Such a transaction is not detailed and involves very few components as opposed to dealing with corporate accounts which could have many transactions in one particular account (Jams hid). Limitations Having each line of business operation, in this case, personal credit con trol and corporate credit control running as separate entities means that the activities are not centralized. More resources are needed to effectively run each entity yet the outputs are similar. Without restructuring the back office operations, operating costs are exponentially increased. The same methodology of running the processes is employed in all processes and efficiency is reduced. Recommendations Most banking institution has developed into target retail institutions in as far as the operations of the bank are concerned. Many of the operations are centralized and are structured such that particular service centres have both shared functions and services. All operations run by the bank are part of this structure. As a result you will find that whether it is personal banking or corporate banking, they will all be part of the shared Services Centre. The only exemption probably might arise in cases where one service for example, personal banking has just been introduced. It may operate remotely for a period of time, but should be merged with other centralized operations within a given time frame. Another solution to having similar operations running with up to half the cost would be to manage operations, for example IT Operations, that sustain back office processes as a distinct and separate function that needs a separate structuring (Juran). The Voucher Processing Centre The centre is equipped with machines that translate cheques. The cheques are delivered to the centre from various branches of the same bank in a given location. Since the banks are closed during the weekend, Mondays, which mark the beginning of the business week, are quite hectic as they record a large number of deposits. The fact that the machines have such a big work load, they are likely to breakdown more often and this greatly affects the running of the centre. With fewer machines to work with, many customers’ transactions are left pending and this creates a backlog. Fig.3: Sho wing the operational processes in the Voucher Processing Centre Fig.4: Showing the additional operational processes in the Voucher Processing Centre The cheques are received and the information displayed on them is encoded or converted. The output which still comes in form of the processed cheques enables the relevant accounts to either be credited or debited. Limitations The inputs in this particular process are limited and this greatly affects the entire process because the transformation aspect is greatly restricted. The encoding machines are the main facility that runs the entire process, apart from the staff that operates them. Having even one machine down affects the outputs and as such customer feedback is not expected to be encouraging. Recommendations Another system apart from wholly relying on the voucher encoding machines should be introduced. This way, even if one of the machines breaks down, or even when the workload is large, the entire process is not affected. In th e end, the output is what matters, I this case, that the customers receive the services they expect. High Net worth Banking In some cases, it is also referred to as prestige banking. A service provided by the bank for its wealthy clientele who pay to have all the banking services offered at their beck and call. The bank therefore has to be extremely flexible to meet their demands. To give the entire aspect of High Net worth Banking, the personal touch it is characteristically defined by, particular banking personnel is assigned a number of accounts to attend to and this way gets familiar and â€Å"personal† with the customer, but maintains all the professionalism expected. Limitations Banking personnel just like any other employee will be required to have leave days or probably attend training sessions organized by the bank. In such cases, when a particular customer calls wanting the services of a particular agent who is either not in office, or engaged elsewhere, the â€Å" personal† factor is subject to being affected. Some customers may become adamant and even threaten to withdraw their accounts, citing that they are not getting their money’s worth. Other times, their demands may seem too much when they force their contacts within the bank to run all over the place to attend to them, be in at their homes or places of work. Recommendations Customers should be made to understand that the entire theme of personal banking means that the bank gives then extra attention, but maintains that any available personnel can attend to them. Two or even up to three people can be assigned to one particular account. This way the personal theme is not entirely corroded. The ‘4vs’ approach looks at four factors in the operational process and these are volume, variety, variation in demand and visibility. Looking at the above back office operations in terms of volume, the Call Centre is swapped with very many calls and each staff of the centre i s kept bust especially during the day when the volume of calls is highest. As a result there is a low unit cost in the department, higher systemization and high repeatability of processes which involve the calls received and the information exchanged. The Credit Control department specializes in cheques and drafts so their volume is only relevant to these two processes. It is relatively low and each staff member performs more as pertains to the task at hand and less to do with the entire system. As such there are higher unit costs. The voucher processing centre handles only cheques, but at a high volume and therefore experiences the same implications as the Call centre. The Prestige or â€Å"High Net worth’ subsidiary company experiences fewer customers, hence a fewer volume of operations. The implications are similar to the credit control department (Ludwig). With regard to variety, the call centre and voucher processing centre is more complex and flexible and as much as th ey may incur higher unit costs, they are able to meet customer demands. The credit control department and subsidiary company dealing with rich clients on the other hand both handle less in terms of variety. They experience well-defined routine, properly standardized procedures that are regular and all at low unit costs. Variation in demand in the call centre and voucher processing centre is dependent on the capacity that can be handled. This is also affected by the facilities in place and personnel available. One main advantage is that any changes in demand can be anticipated, though a downside is that it all comes at a high unit cost. The credit control department and subsidiary company dealing with rich clients on the other hand, experience a stable schedule of events, high use of available resources, resulting to low unit costs. Visibility focuses on the outputs of each process. There is a very short time frame between requesting of services or products and when they are expected to be delivered and this causes a short tolerance in relation to what is expected. In the call centre and ‘high net worth† company, contentment by the customer is based on what they observe and perceive. Personnel in these departments should be equipped with the relevant skills needed to handle customers in these instances. Proper communication skills are an asset in both cases. A high unit cause is however realized. The voucher processing centre is also reliable to a great extent on the visibility aspect which will bring about similar implications as seen in both the call centre and prestige banking company. In the credit control department there is a time frame between production and delivery of the services to the customer. Low skills in customer handling are required and most of the process doesn’t really rely on the input of the staff. Higher unit costs are expected. Other similarities that can be noticed in all the four back office units are the fact that a ll operational processes make use of some form of technology. For all the operations, some form of telephone activity or computer related task is involved though to different variations and volumes. The voucher processing centre also incorporates encoding machines. All four back office units have response issues of some kind. These are either within the department or between one department and other. In other scenarios it also involves the customer who in most cases is the final recipient in the complete process. These four operational processes also forecast on demand, otherwise the performance objectives cease to be relevant. Measures are also put in place to monitor capacity and location concerns that directly affect the operations of the departments. These of course vary from one back office to another. for instance, the call centre doesn’t have to be near the customers calling in to handle their enquiries, but the â€Å"high net worth† subsidiary company has to pu t capacity and location in mind to be able to provide that personal touch it thrives on to maintain its clientele. All operations have both contractors who provide the products and services needed to be able to meet their objectives as well as customers who are the final recipients of the products and services after they have undergone the transformation process. In the For the call centre it is telephones and computers, whereas the credit control and voucher. All these back office operations also have planning and recruitment issues in relation to their activities and staff. Common sets of principles therefore apply only when the performance objectives of any given process are similar in respect to certain factors. The quality of services or products has to be even. Some services like the call centre are to all customers of the banking institution irrespective of the account you hold or how wealthy you are. The â€Å"high net worth† department on the other hand is for only t he rich clientele. Another factor is that the speed at which the services or products are delivered has to be at par. For some it is fast depending on the customer being attended to, while others it is slow. Dependability is another element. Some services are dependent on time, others facilities, staff or other resources. Flexibility should also be considered. Some processes follow a fixed routine and schedule while others can be manipulated with to suit the output required. Cost is a very important component as well because it is directly proportional to how productive a given process is and whether at the end of the day it was a worthwhile venture (Senge). To â€Å"fine tune† the improvement of business processes in relation to the operations the different skills and approaches that are probably being referred to are the â€Å"4vs†; volume, variety, variation in demand and visibilty as well as the common sets of principles. This is because if flexibility, quality, sp eed, dependabilty and cost are considered, the capturing, transformation and delivery of services ad products will be greatly improved because these factors greatly affect operation processes. Works Cited Ackoff, Russell. Ackoff Centre for Advancement of Systems Approaches, 2009. Web. Davenport, T. H. Process Innovation: Reengineering work through Information Technology, Harvard Business School Press, 1993. Deming, W. Edwards. The New Economics for industry, government and Education. Second Edition MIT Press, 1994. Jamshid, Gharajedaghi. Systems Thinking: Managing Chaos and Complexity A Platform for Designing Business Architecture. Elsevier Inc., 2006. Juran, J.M. Juran on quality by design. The Free Press, Division of Macmillan Inc., 1992. Ludwig, Bertalanffy. General Systems Theory George Braziller Inc., 1968. Senge, Peter M. The Fifth Discipline, The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Random House, 2006. This essay on Managing Process and Projects in ANLG was written and submitted by user Emersyn M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

In Search of Peace essays

In Search of Peace essays What the world needs today is a civilization based on love and compassion, and not on competition. A civilization that is not dying to be victorious, but which is keen to live with peace. Nowadays terrorism, war and human killing are in vogue. Powerful nations control the less powerful nations as their right. Humanity is suffering at the hands of brutal politicians. There is no peace in the world and within the self. Innocent children are asking their parents, teachers and friends what is going on around them. Everybody is in search of peace. Where is peace? The world religions long ago defined peace as individual responsibility for the wellbeing of others. Let us remind ourselves of that forgotten lesson and reflect on how everyone of us individually can contribute towards peace in the world? Let us briefly survey the concept of peace given by the world religions. Peace means freedom from war and unrest. In ancient Hebrew thought, peace was not only the absence of war, but also the wellbeing, if not prosperity, of people. A famous passage which appears twice in the Bible (Is: 2-4 Mi. 4: 1-3) describes "... all nations are going to Jerusalem to learn the divine law; beating their swords into plowshares and their spear into pruning hooks, abandoning their swords and learning war no more." The study of Israelite traditions shows that peace was a social concept. It was visible and produced harmonious relationship in the family, in local society and between nations. The salutation shalom expressed positive aim of encouraging friendship, cooperation and living together for mutual benefit. The New Testament defines peace as "an orderly obedience to the eternal laws of God", so peace in the God's city is the perfect union of hearts in the enjoyment of God (19:13). The salutation of peace frequently appears in the New Testament. In the Quran, the Arabic word Salam has been used for peace. It has been generally used as a greet...

What impact does age has on technostress Research Paper

What impact does age has on technostress - Research Paper Example Adapting to technology is not usually simple, and this has led to a health concern; the pressure resulting from extensive technology use has led to technostress, which is a modern ailment caused by people’s incapability to deal with new technologies in a good way. Technostress also refers to all the unconstructive impacts on behaviors, body physiology, and thoughts resulting directly or indirectly from technology (Coklar & Sahin, 2011). It affects the memory thereby causing people to lose track of what they wanted to say or do. Technostress is usually evident in two different but interconnected forms: in the effort to understand technology and in over-identification with computer technology. It affects professionals and executives, librarians, bankers, students and adolescents, librarians, store clerks, internet users, home computer users, and officer support personnel and many other people. The underlying causes of technostress include issues of technology anxiety, time management, lack of proper training, an increased workload, the quick pace of technological change, the reliability on software and hardware, and lack of standardization with technologies (Ennis, 2005). It is dependent on age, gender, and literacy. Tarafdar et al. (2007) disc overed that the elders experience less technostress than younger people at work, women experience lower technostress than men, and those with superior computer literacy than those who without. Studies investigating the impact of age on technostress are limited and hence this research seeks to examine this relationship. The negative psychological connection between persons and introduction of new technologies affects people’s productivity. Technostress manifests itself in every person in various degrees depending on age. This prevents coping or adapting to information in a healthy way, which prevents them from being productive. Most individuals feel compulsive about

Coca-Cola Financial Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Coca-Cola Financial Perspective - Essay Example The vision of the company covers internal and external factors that influence its operations (Begley, 2000). These include people, portfolio, partners, planet, profit and productivity. People-The company aims at motivating it employees to enhance their performance Portfolio-Coca-Cola aims at expanding its brand portfolio and bring to the world quality brands that meet the needs of its consumers. Partners- Coca-Cola aims at creating a strong network of suppliers and customers. Planet-Coca-Cola is focused at becoming a responsible firm that supports sustainable communities (Kurtz, 2010). Profit-To maximize shareholders returns and improve on its profitability. Productivity-Coca-Cola aims at becoming an effective and fast growing company. Overall strategy In its effort to produce quality brands that have remained competitive in the soft-drink industry, Coca-Cola has adopted a winning culture that defines its behaviors towards its 2020 vision. These include effective leadership, collabor ation, integrity, accountability, passion, diversity and quality. To ensure it remains the market leader, in the soft drink industry, the company has embarked on providing quality brands that meet the needs of its consumers (Habermas, 1989). Examples of brands manufactured by the company include Valpre, Powerade, Coke, Sprite, Nestea, and Dasani Water among others. The financial stability of Coca-Cola has been enhanced by its culture of acquisitions and merger. Key companies that have been acquired by Coca-Cola include Minute Maid, Barq’s, Odwalla, Fuze Beverage, and Columbia Pictures among others. As a result, the company has expanded its assets to reach at approximately US$ 73Â  billion. The table below indicates the financial performance of the company in 2010 and 2011 financial years. Items 2011 2010 Gross profit 28,326 22,426 Operating income 10,154 8,449 Income before income tax 11,439 14,243 Consolidated net income 8,634 11,859 Net income 8,572 1,809 From the table ab ove it is clear that while the company registered a significant increment of the gross profit, operating income and net income in 2011, the income before income tax and consolidated net income was low in 2011 as compared to 2010 (Baker, 2008). Marketing strategies Coca-Cola marketing strategies include e-marketing, product innovation, extensive advertisement and promotional strategies for example sponsorship of FIFA World Cup. In this way, the company has been able to expand its customer base as well as acquire a substantial market segment in the world soft drink market (Stephen and Kate, 2006). Coca-Cola management systems In order to improve the quality of its products, Coca-Cola has implemented Coca-Cola Operating Requirements (KORE) as one of its key management system. Key roles of KORE include improvement of the product quality, as well as safeguarding the security and health of its workers. In addition, the company has adopted eKOsystem in its bottling facilities (Stuart, 2009 ). The eKOsystem aims at initiating control measures that include water resources management, ozone protection, waste management as well as energy management. Objectives for improving the organization's financial position objectives Introduction of low priced products. To increase total sales and satisfy the customers with the gratifying taste of quality products. Production of healthy beverages lines which do not have negative effects on the consumer’

Comparing Architectural Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Comparing Architectural Styles - Essay Example Frank Gehry and Le Corbusier have been the most distinct styles of architecture. Both the styles have major contributions in creations of some of the most well known buildings in this world. But the two styles have been quite distinct. Frank Gehry involves construction adding a playful as well as whimsical touch while Le Corbusier is a much more simplified one (Comparing Architectural Styles). The essay intends to present a detailed comparison of the two architectural styles thereby giving a vivid description of both the styles. Architecture can be regarded as the greatest skill or art that human beings have developed. He has made the effective use of the art to create spaces and utilize the total space for his own usage (Jones 1). The development of architectural skills originated from the Renaissance period. Buildings were inspired by religious beliefs as well as mythologies. From 1980s onwards changes began to take place in the area of modern architecture. There emerged the era of postmodernism. Development of a proper theory helped in changing attitudes towards design and innovative ideas. Modern architecture was chiefly concerned with improvisation of prevailing human conditions. For this purpose it led to assimilation of nature and technology. Overall all this evolvement has helped people in developing new skills (Heyer, 84). In recent times the most well known international styles of architecture has been Le Corbusier and Frank Gehry. Villa Savoy in France is inspired by Le Corbusier architectural st yle while Guggenheim Museum in Spain has been designed according to Frank Gehry style of architecture. Both of the styles have been influenced by cultural orientation (Comparing Architectural Styles).   Le Corbusier style of Architecture This style of architecture was born under the father of architectural style Le Corbusier. He first gave houses and other constructions a new modern look and containing plenty of open space. He also created furnishings for his buildings. He invented the purist design. He has major contributions for improvisation of constructions of houses in metropolitan cities. His lesson of five points in architecture has helped many modern day architects in enhancing their architectural skills. He wanted modern look in cities with lots of open spaces. He used to believe that â€Å"a house is a machine for living in†. He began his career by designing a number of villas. His goal was to establish his own signature style of architecture to fill the vacuum cr eated by the World War I. His focus was on houses made for single families and gave many unique ideas. He made houses with three floors with kitchen, bedroom and living room in different floors. One important feature of his designs was that terraces were built on the roof (Analysis of Le Corbusier’s Architectural Style). Le Corbusier style has emphasized on the relationship between human and nature. Gardens and other such open spaces are always occupied with dwelling places under this style. Tall buildings are found with roof gardens. The principal style places a construction in the middle of landscape. This style surely causes a harmonization between landscape and architecture. Here the building along with the landscape together constitutes the desirable space (Heyer, 86). The specialty of Le Corbusier’s style of architecture has been free flowing geometry with outcomes obtained in free forms. The architects and also developers have gone through Le Corbusier’s theories to understand the style of designing a free flowing apartment amidst a landscape (Heyer, 6). Construction now required heavy usage of steel and concrete with a tint of industrial glazing. New architectural sty

Study Of Feminism In Middlemarch English Literature Essay

Study Of Feminism In Middlemarch English Literature Essay George Eliot was a significant female writer in the 19th century; her life was close related to her works; her life experience attributed themes to her lterary works, and the relation between her works and her life experience had been studied by many researchers for a long time. George Eliots masterpiece Middlemarch, since its publication, earned many readers and critics in English society. Dorothea, in Middlemarch, was a feminist; this heroine had been studied through the views: the combination of George Eliots idealism and Vitorian realism, George Eliots view of marriage, feminist linguistic-psychoanalysis. The success or failure of Dorotheas feminism is paid close attention all the time. In this paper, the writer uses case study analysis to study Dorothea in a multidimentional view, and makes a further development of her feminist revolution. This paper will analyze the background of Victorian period, Dorotheas character, view of marriage, then based on the analysis, the author puts forward that George Eliot had a new recognition about feminism. Dorothea, the heroine in Middlemarch, to some extent, penetrated George Eliots thought, and also got new meaning of female in marriage, in life and even in society. Key words feminism; Victorian Period; George Eliot; realism; idealism; character 1. Introduction George Eliot, penname of Mary Ann Evans, was one of the greatest writers in the 19th century. She was regarded as the one of those who wrote the best novels for adults. In her writing career, controversy and outrage accompanied her. George Eliots critical reputation came from the very start when she began to issue works by using the pseudonym of George Eliot to cover her identity of the unmarried wife of George Henry Lewes. When she worked in Westerminster Review, she knew George Henry Lewes, who she thought understood her and could lead her to a wise life, then in 1854, she began to live with George Henry Lewes, an extrodinary man of letters who wrote philosophy, science, fiction, and drama. Their marriage was not accepted in English society and considered to be immoral. Under the encouragement of George Henry Lewes, in 1857, Mary Ann Evans wrote her first fiction The Sad Fortunes of Reverend Amos Barton and published in Blackwoods Magazine. It could be said without exaggeration tha t, it was George Henry Lewes who created an eximious female fictional writer George Eliot of the 19th century. In her 60s, George Eliot married John Walter Cross for a legal marriage. Because of her immoral relationship with George Henry Lewes, she faced virtual ostracism. Though many critics followed her, her intellect was never hidden; her later works earned her recognition as well as the love of the reading public. She was recognized as the greatest writer in Victorian age(the authors translation,à ©Ã‚ ¡Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å"Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€š ¬, 1987:6). Virginia Woolf commented that, she was a woman of pride and model(the authors translation, Virginia, qtd. in à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à ©Ã… ¡Ã‚ ½, 2006:1); her novels stood in the list of a handful of English novels written for adults (the authors translation, Virginia, qtd. in à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à ©Ã… ¡Ã‚ ½, 2006:1). The whole life of George Eliot was rebellious, and was regarded as unsensible. She struggled between realism and idealism; she wanted to make full use of herself though she was a female, however gender was discriminated before the 20th century. As a feminist and idealist, George Eliot had a profound significance in feminism among the Victorian novelists. Her works were combined with her real life experience. Middlemarch, since its publication, had been recognized as George Eliots finest achievement, written when she was at the height of her power. Middlemarch had been recognized as George Eliots work of her combination of idealism and realism, as well as the portray of her real life. In her life, George Eliot married John Walter Cross for a husbands surname; she finally bowed to conservative society and got the forgiveness of her family. In Middlemarch, George Eliot, created a heroine, Dorothea, for feminine emancipation. Not to mention the success or the failure of Dorothea s emancipation revolution, she was the product of George Eliot under the general effect of her real life experience, her idealism and realism to the English society in the 19th century. In Middlemarch, George Eliot aimed to creat a great young lady, who had profound knowledge and a virtuous heart for human beings. For a long time, she lived in her idealistic society that a knowledgeable young lady could help to make a better life for society. While at the end of the fiction, George Eliot made her heroine back to reality; the heroine was recognized as the soul of George Eliot herself; she was also considered to be the representative of George Eliots feminine revolution. As a model of feminist, Dorothea was not like traditional women, not paying much attention to her dress; she pursued to help the prevailing society, not only living for self-admiration. With the shock of reality and personal idealism, in this novel, she had two marriages in the way of pursuing her high range of spirit and positional satisfaction. In this novel, she had objection on her ideal way. She made great efforts to marry Mr. Casaubon, who was much older than her, which was a sacrifice. Mr. Casa ubon was not that kind of great soul as she thought to be. Finally, Dorothea had a usual end. After the death of Mr. Casaubon, her heart beated strongly for finding a man and married him, who really understood her views and took women as independent and equal individual; they were equal in marital relations, and took part in social activity; both of them found their value in marriage. George Eliots masterpiece Middlemarch ¼Ã…’A. C. Dicey described it as a book which may be said, almost without exaggeration, to have made for many persons the chief happiness and interest of the last year (George Eliot, 1992:3). This book brought her many critics and approve; in Middlemarch, George Eliots heroine for femimine emancipation was an incarnation of George Eliot; she struggled for feminine emancipation under her idealism and the realism in society background. This paper is to study the life experience of George Eliot, her idealism and realism in the English sociey, in order to figure out how these factors affected her feminism in the real English society, as well as how they attributed to her heroine in Middlemarch. Thus the paper aims to make a further study of Dorotheas feminism in Middlemarch, focusing on George Eliots life experience, her idealism, and realism of Victorian period. Under the study of such factors, the writer can draw a conclusion that the feminine emancipation of Dorothea could not be a failure, but it was her new attitude toward life as well as marriage- wives were and should be the great man beside her successful husband. 2. Literature Review By the time George Eliot died on December 22, 1880, she was recognized as the greatest of comtemporary English novelists. Her whole writing life left many literary works and comments to later generations to study and research. George Eliot was a writer of appreciation and depreciation. George Eliots works reflected the politics, philosophy, science, religion, and genders. Her literary works had been studied by scholars from home and abroad since 19th century. In 1884, George Willis Cooke in George Eliot: A Critical Study of Her Life, Writing and Philosophy mentioned that George Eliot was a product of her time; some knowledge of her early home and the influences admist which her mind was formed, helped largely to an appreciation of her books and the views of life which she presented in them (George Willis Cooke, 1884). George Eliot was a realistic writer, in her works, she reflected the 19th science attainments, philosophy, and genders. In Middlemarch, George Eliot created an agloat young doctor named Lydgate, a feminist named Dorothea, an old pedant named Casaubon, and a romantic named painter Will Ladislaw. Through these roles in her works, George Eliot showed her brilliance. George Levine once commented that George Eliot had been discovered that since the Second World War it was her brilliance and intellectual depth of her fiction gave her appreciative reputation. George Levine also mentioned that George Eliot was a realist; she was sel f-reflexive in that her life experience attributed a lot of themes to her works. Besides that, as a feminist, George Eliot also showed herself struggling against men-dominated society. Kate Flint in George Eliot commneted that in George Eliots writing, alertness and acute consciousness of the injustice to which they gave rise, necessarily chafed against the doctrine of submitting to a sense of broader social duty(George Levine, 2001). George Eliots feminism was not noly seen in her life but also in her works, making clear in fields of education and marriages. In her masterpiece Middlemarch, one third of the pages penetrated her feminism. The heroine, Dorothea, thirsted for knowledge, thus had two marriges in her life. However, in the 19th century, women was decoration of men; the ideal women were the decoration in her house. Womens great importance lied in reproductiveness. Biomedical discourse defined females in terms of her reproductive function as the following description: a biological entity, a sexed body: Womans nature and her social role were said to be controlled by her womb and her ovaries, and were the inevitable and indivisible consequences of her reproductive and the female organization another (Joanne Shattock, 2001:79) At abroad, there have studies about feminism, George Eliots introdction, critical study of George Eliot, and the relation of George Eliot and the Empire. At home, many scholars have studied George Eliot from her views of marriage, feminism, philosophy, ethic, and the harmonizing and synthesizing of realism and idealism. In 2006, Wang Pei issued a thesis to discuss George Eliots view of marriage in Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology. She mentioned that though George Eliot had a rebellious love and marriage, she was still that kind of conservative women in 19th century. She longed for love as well as legal marriage; she also held that women could get desired happiness only when they felt satisfied with the mediocre marriage life. Her view of marriage was reflected in Dorothea, who dreamed to be a great female and contributed to society, finally back to a common housewife. Then on George Eliots feminism, in 2004, Vice Professor Dong Shumin studied in Zhejiang Social Science that George Eliot expressed her feminism in Middlemarch that females and males were unequal to the public all the time, if women wanted to show themselves, they must realize the limitation of women from the society. Women could have their distictive importance, which was to affect males, making males become some kind of man. Just as George Eliots heroine, Dorothea, she married Will Ladislaw and made him be s successful man; Dorothea herself became a common wife for love and desired happiness as well as femine fullfilment in family. Though George Eliot was a feminist, even she had idealistic and fair society for females to make full use of themselves, she had to bow to reality. In George Eliot: Harmonizing and Synthesizing Idealism and Realism, Doctor Zhang Jinfeng pointed out that George Eliot was an inborn idealist, combining her realistic aesthetics with her idealistic life and society for females, even for human beings. Even so, she could not avoid reality and finally converted to reality. In Middlemarch, she would like to creat ideal polictics, education and marriages, in which female was free. Dorothea was a role under her idealism. Dorotheas first marriage, with Casaubon, was all her idealism, she could not chage the men-dominated thought of Causobon. Finally, she would like to have a husband who really cared females, then married Will Ladislaw, and became a wife and mother. The end of Middlemarch was the surrender of idealism to realism. Based on the above analiysis, there is the information that George Eliot was a idealist as well as a realist; her works set on the real society but also embraced the profound effect of her idealism. While, social limitation made George Eliot hard to build an ideal world. All her thoughts affected in her works. Thus here is the gap that George Eliots life experience, her feminist, her idealism and realism contributed to her works, especially her heroine Dorothea in Middlemarch. In this paper the writer aims at the above mentioned factors and make a further study of Dorotheas feminism, through analyzing the difference between George Eliots ideal feminism and the feminism in Victorian period, Dorotheas character, as well as her two marriages, to illustrate that Dorothea got a new cognition of womens status and feminine emancipation in marriage, even in society. 3. Feminism in Victorian Period and George Eliots Feminism As a female writer in the 19th century in the English society, George Eliot lived in a men-dominated society; she was not satisfied with the rising condition. As a feminist against the serious society for females, George Eliot struggled between ideality and reality. 3.1 Real Feminism in Victorian Period In the 19th century, females status was discriminated and inferior to males. The English socity was a men-dominated society; men were superior to women, no matter in politics, economy, society, family and marriage. Though Queen of Victoria was at reign, womens status was not equal to mens. Women were limited to work in politics, science, education, social activities, and literary and so on. A wifehood or womanhood should be the best profession of a female. An ideal lady should be what Virginia Woolf called-the Angel of the House(Virginia Woolf, qtd. in à ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ‚ £Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬Å" ­, 2004:1) At that time, people took for granted that a woman should not be educated for self-development, but for self-renunciation. They were sent to study in girls schools, to learn how to be an ideal wife. They learned music and entertainment; they were trained to be peaceable, obedient to males, and not having personal thoughts. To the public, a lady with few opinions about their husband, society and politics was virtuous. In such a society, women were born to suffer and to be in a disadvantageous status in family, education, occupation and marriage, first as a daughter and then a wife. In family, daughters were dependent on her father or brother. After marriage, they were dependent on their husband. If left without any heritance and remaining single, daughters would lead a miserable life. In marriage, girls could not have their own choice. They were the property of their father to use for land and estate; always, they were used by men to consolidate social status. In the 16th century, when Elizabeth was at reign, a father chose a husband for his daughter, if the daughter did not agree to get married, she would be locked in a room and heavily punished. In the 19th century, women could choose their own beloved, but the beloved should be accepted by their family, most importantly by their father, if it turned out to be not, their family might disengage their relationship or would not give help when they were in trouble. Because of the limitation in occupation, education, family and marriage, women were not encouraged, even allowed to work outside the house, thus womens self satisfation was based on the success of being a wife. They seeked for inspiration to be an ideal wife, mother, and do well in housework. The following words can best describe womens feelings of being inferior: As long as I can remember, I have been discouraged, when I have endeavoured to cast the sum of my intellectual value, by finding that I did not possess, in the degree of some other men, an intuitive perception of intellectual beauty(Godwin, qtd. in Joanne Shattock, 2001:14). The 19th century could be said to be a turn of feminine status; thanks to Industrial Revolution, women could go out of homes to work in factories, but their salary was much less than mens. Moreover, their jobs were insignificant, for instance, a tutor, a nurse and so on; after Industrial Revolution, they had one more choice-a worker. In Victorian Era, literature in English was at the height of devolopment. Many female writers emerged, for example, sister Bronte, Jane Austen, Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell, May Sinclair, George Eliot, and so on. However in the 19th English society, female writers were not given high recognition of their writing talent; they chose to publish their works by using pseudonym. A woman and her book are identical-or so Edgar Allen Poe reflected when reading an early collection of poems by Elizabeth Barrett Browning (Joanne Shattodk, 2001:8). Female consciousness had been awaken, and most of their works were about seeking for feminine status in society; females w ere more independent in their opinions, thus they began to write in order to uncover their sufferings and defend for their occupations. 3.2 George Eliots Ideal Feminism Victorian Age was the trend of realistic literary. As a successful realistic novel writer, Gorge Eliot was born in a family of land agent, and spent her childhood in the rural environment within the country of Warwickshire in the mid lands. Her childhood and her living environment provided her with plenty of material for her earlier works. Due to the reality, George Eliots later works had a big change. In George Eliots later novels, characters and situations seem more and more to be projections of ideals in her mind (Zhang Jinfeng, 2005:61). George Eliot created her art out of a cluster of rebellions, particularly against reigning social, moral, and aesthetic conventions (George Levine,2001:2). George Eliots living exprience made her an idealist; she wanted to change her social status, even all feminine social status, therefore limited to the reality, she wrote down what she had in mind. A woman and her book are identical (Joanne Shattodk, 2001:8). Her unique personality, education, and moral belief made her an idealist. To begin with, she was a religious freethinker. She was sent to boarding schools together with her elder sister. In one boarding school, George Eliot met a female teacher, Maria Levis, who was a piously Evangelical. With the instruction, George Eliot became a piously Evangelical too. But her friendship with religious freethinkers in Coventry in the early 1840s reinforced her own growing doubts and led to a break with orthodox religion (George Eliot, 1992:1). From the very beginning of 1842, she claimed that she would not go to church, not to pray, not believe in God any more. Besides, George Eliot strongly held that it should be of the very importance for females to receive systematic education as well as have their own occupation. She herself went to boarding schools from 5 years old to 17 years old. She learned language, science, and piano. She was a lady who never gave up pursuing her value. The following cited event could voice her support for feminine education: She sympathized with the movement for womens education and donated 50 pounds towards the establishment of Girton, a Cambridge college for women. Her support for womens educational reforms led her to attend a series of letures at Bedford College for Ladies during these years and moved her to contribute to Emily Davess campaingn for the establishment of Girton College and to other feminist efforts to open the professions to women in the 1850s and1860s. (ibid, qtd. in à ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¨Ã…“ ¼Ã…’2007:19) Not only approving of women education, George Eliot also earned a living herself. When she was 29 years old, George Eliots father died; in Victotian English society, an unmarried, intellectual lady without any inheritance from father, would lead to a miserable life. But George Eliot decided to stay in London and earned the living herself. Later, she began to be an editor for Westminster Review. In marriage, George Eliot broke the traditional convention of marriage. She fell deeply in love with a married, acknowledgeable man, named George Henry Lewes; at that time, George Eliot had been a publicly well-known female; though she was ostracized by English society , her works was criticized, and her family was angry with that, she was determined to live with George Henry Lewes as an unmarried wife. In George Eliots mind, women could have their own choice of marriage, even though the whole world would not accept her, she still sticked to her love. Her view about marriage was somehow penetrated in Dorothea in Middlemarch. Dorothea, when 18 years old, was determined to marry a pedant who was almost twenty years older than her, which was not understood by citizens of Middlemarch. Ralph Waldo Emerson commented that George Eliot was a young lady with a not quiet and serious soul (Emerson, qtd. in à ¦Ã‚ Ã…“à ©Ã… ¡Ã‚ ½, 2006:7). George Eliot was inborn ideal; life made an idealistic George Eliot. The following cited paragraph demonstrated George Eliots whole life and her idealism well: As an overly intense and bookish child in a pratical household, as a fervid evangelical adolescent Christian doctrine, as an independent woman editor and journalist in a social bohemians, and finally as the unmarried domestic partner of George Henry Lewes, George Eliot was always strecthing the norms of acceptable female behavior, and bringing social rejection upon herself. (George Levine, 2001:21) 4. The Character of Dorothea Dorothea, under the background of Victorian English, was a female representative to struggle for female emancipation. Her beauty was not like the traditonal females, and she thirsted for profound knowldege as well as made full use of herself. All these made her a unique female in Middlemarch. 4.1 Rebellious Charm of Dorothea In the 19th century, the girls of middle class attached importance to their appearance and dress.; lace, flouce, and bowknot were prevailing. The rich young ladies wore fashionable dress and jewelries. They were sent to learn music and painting, which could improve their charm. A conventional charming lady, as to the men and even to the public, should lays herself out of a little more to please us. There should be a filigree about a woman-something of the coquette. A man likes challenge. The more of a dead set she makes at you the better (George Eliot, 1992:79). Focusing on simple dress was a means of good cultivation. Dorothea held the belief that a remarkably clever woman should not pay much attention to appearance, even so, she still had her charming beauty. Her hand and wrist were so finely formed that she could wear sleeves not less bare of style than those in which the Blessed Virgin appeared to Italian painters; and her profile as well as her stature and bearing seemed to gain provincial fashion gave her plain garments (Gorge Eliot, 1992:1). She didnt like jewelries either, when Celia (Dorotheas sister) reminded her of looking at mamas jewels and divided them, she was busy drawing her building, obviously forgetting them. After opening the box, she liked none of them, except gems and a bracelet to match it. Dorothea liked the gems because of her inspiration of the Revelation of St. John, It is strange how deeply colours seem to penetrate one, like scent. I suppose that is the reason why gems are used as spiritual emblems in the Revelat ion of St. John. (George Eliot, 1992:9). Though she took them, she thought wearing them was some kind of sinking. Dorothea not only didnt pay attention to her dress, but also appreciated that kind of plain appearance, which was contrary to the beauty criteon of the public. In chapter nine in Middlemarch, when Casaubon showed around his house to the Brooks, when seeing portraits, Celia said that the aunt wearing necklaces was more beautiful than Cassaubons mother; however, Dorothea pursued that kind of immortal figure, as when she entered the room, she could image that Casaubons mother- the ghost of a tight-laced lady revisiting the scence of her embroidery (George Eliot, 1992:66). To the public, females were born to please males; ladies should dress beautfully, had sweet voice and could paint, and that kind of ladies were charming. On contrary, Dorothea regarded them as silly gentlewomen. She insisted on her sense of beauty; at the party before her marriage, she came into the drawing room in her silver-grey dress-the simple lines of her dark-brown hair parted over her brow and coiled massively behind (George Eliot,1992:78). On such a significant occasion, she did still not rig out her figure gorgeous, simple as Santa Barbara as who she was pursuing. In Middlemarch, Rosamond Vincy was recognized as a representative of charm and she was a famous beauty in province , she has excellent taste in costume, with that nymph-like figure and pure blondness which gives the largest range to choice in the flow and colour of drapery(George Eliot, 1992:86). A fair lady should have charming image as well as could play an instrument, sing songs and draw; when facing people, she should keep amiable smiles. Dorothea didnt like playing any instruments, her behavior was like a saintess, which to others was quite unusual and rebellious. Even so, she was a recognized distinctively beautiful lady; her plain garments added more dignity to her statue and bearing. In contrast to her sister Celia, people might say that Dorothea was remarkbly clever, but Celia was more sensible. 4.2 Dorotheas Thirst for Knowledge Dorothea and her sister Celia were orphans; their parents died when they were very young. The sisters were sent to boarding schools, an English family and a Swiss family to receive education in order to get them ready in the market of marriage. But Dorothea didnt like ladies duities; she liked studying religion, science, and those knowledge which could do good to society. She admired those who was knowledgable and could devote himself to society. The living environment and social status attributed to Dorotheas mode of thinking during her life. She seeked for eternal theory; compared with her sister, she had less common-sense in that her mind is theoretical, and yearned by its nature after some lofty conception of the world (George Eliot, 1992:4) and since I can do no good because a woman, reach constantly at something that is near it (Gorge Eliot, 1992:3). To Dorothea, contribution to human was the most significant thing in life; she believed that a spiritual life involved eternal consequences. she was keen on religion; she was a fans of knowledge, for pursuing the so-called knowledge and spiritual life in her mind, she wore plain garments and gave up her hobby of horseriding which she thought to be most attractive, and was not in accordance with the other young ladies. Dorothea knew many passages of Pascals Pensees and of Jeremy Taylor by heart; and to her the destinies of mankind, seen by the light of a spiritual life involving eternal consequences, with a keen interest in guimp and artificial protrusions of drapery. Her mind is theoretic, and yearned by frankly include the parish of Tipton and her own rule of conduct thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Gorge Eliot, 1871:4) The Victorian society was unequal for the education of girls and boys. Dorothea was thirst for knowledge, which was against the men-dominated society, and was prejudiced and unconventional to the neighbourhood. Evev so, she still grasped the precious chance to learn more knowledge-to marry a pedant, Mr. Casaubon. She admired Casaubons abundant knowledge to such an extent as to think Casaubon is a distinctive man; she said to Celia he is one of the most distinguished-looking men I ever saw. He is remarkably like the portrait of Locke. He has the same deep eye-sockets (George Eliot,1871:15). Dorothea didnt want to be an idle lady of Victorian age; she longed for a guide who would light her spiritual and intellectual life. Casaubons emergence provided her the hope, and she thought that she could have spiritual communion with him, moreover Casaubon was a man who could illuminate her principle with his widest knowledge. Thus she married Casaubon for pursuing knowldege. 5. Two Ideal Marriages of Dorothea As a young lady pursuing equal social status as men, Dorothea was not only different in character from the conventional women, she also had a distinct view about marriages. On the way of idealistic female emancipation, she had two marriages, first she married an old pedant for knowledge, and then a young man for true love. 5.1 Marriage for Knowledge George Eliot was an idealist; she lived in her own world without regard to the real outer world. She struggled for female occupation and marriage, which was treacherous to convention and also became the soul of her masterpiece Middlemarch. In Middlemarch, George Eliot put her idealism inon the creation of the heroine Dorothea. Dorothea was not only a knowledge fan but also a social contributor fan. She dreamed to be a saint to rescue the world. Her garments and behavior were distinct with the conventional young ladies. In the 19th century, females were not free to devote themselves to occupation, what they could do was to find their value in marriage no matter how remarkable the lady was. Dorothea was enthusiastic about making the society better through her knowledge and effort, but reality made her will meet much setback; she could not do anything. Dorothea, in the eyes of males, even her uncle, was childish and innocent. At the dinner party in Tipton, when Dorothea expressed her idea about land, Mr. Brook said that, young ladies dont understand political economy (George Eliot, 1992:12). Furthermore, when Dorothea delivered her wish to help her uncle sort his papers, Mr. Brook said that, No, no. I cannot let young ladies meddle my documents. Young ladies are two fighty (George Eliot, 1871:15). Dorothea wanted to do things to make herself useful, but even in her uncles house, she met a lot of obstacles. She hoped someone could come to her life and led her to a spiritual and worthy life. Casaubons e mergence was the drip in drought. Mr. Casaubons present gave her hope to live for others, to devote to society, and she thought that she was going to have room for the energies which stirred uneasily under the dimness and pressure of her own ignorance and the petty peremptoriness of the world habits (Gorge Eliot, 1992:38). Dorothea was happy that she could find her value in the marriage with Casaubon in that, she could make devote to Casaubons aim-Key to All Mythologies. Receiving Casaubons letter for marriage, Dorothea was too happay to think over whether Casaubon was a suitable husband for her ; she only considerded that she was suitable for Casaubon and she could make herself useful. While in this letter, Casaubon conveyed clearly that his marriage was for changing the solitary life; he needed a wife who could supply aid in graver labours and cast a charm over vacant hours (George Eliot,1992:37). Casaubon needed a wife as a decoration to his life; his wife should be beautiful, young and blooming, as well as easy to control and attentative to his wishes. To Dorothea, her ideal marriage was some kind of life beyond self, to which she could devote herself, and her marriage concept took its color entirely from the enthusiasm to help her husband to finish his significant work, which could also make herself glorious. As to be noble and devoted, she dreamed to be almost perfect as a saint. In the marriage relationship, the husband wanted a tame and obedient wife; the wife wanted a knowledgeble and broad-minded husband. It was obvious that Cassaubon and Dorothea were not as much as they thought they were suitable to be spouse. In such a marriage, even though they were careful, comflict and susp

Macbeths Demise in Shakespeares Macbeth :: essays research papers

â€Å"Macbeth† is an age-old tragedy by, William Shakespeare, that tells the story of the disastrous down fall of Scotland and it’s Kings. The protagonist, Macbeth, starts out as a thriving Thane in Scotland, but ends up destroying his own prosperity as well as Scotland’s. Certain witches who tell people their fate convince Macbeth that he will be King and that his dear friend Banquo’s children will be kings. In an effort to be sure his prophecy is true and with some encouragement from his rash wife, he kills King Duncan, the current king of Scotland. To continue on this path of destruction Macbeth, acts on impulse and has his friend Banquo killed, because he is afraid that he killed Duncan for someone else’s fortune. Throughout the play Macbeth’s degeneration continues until the tragic ending when the country turns against him and seizes his castle. Macbeth’s demise can be attributed to his abandoning his belief in fate for a ne ed to prove his masculinity. Macbeth’s doubt in fate is not realized until later in the play. When he first meets the â€Å"weird sisters† they make prophecies that he finds impossible to be true. â€Å"But how of Cawdor? The thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentleman, and to be king Stands not within the prospect of belief, No more than to be Cawdor.†(1.3.73-75). Macbeth doesn’t believe this because he knows that the Thane of Cawdor is still alive and that King Duncan’s sons are the heirs to the throne. His need to be masculine has not yet effected his belief in fate. Once Macbeth becomes Thane of Cawdor he is completely convinced that the predictions of the fate sisters are true â€Å"I chance will have be King, why chance may crown me. Without My Stir†¦Come what may, time and the hour runs through the roughest day†(1.3.145-150). This is the most trust in faith he will ever have. Shortly after Macbeth puts all his trust in fate, Lady Macbeth challenges his masculinity. â€Å" What beast wasn’t, then, that made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man,† (1.7.49-51). This is Lady Macbeth’s response when Macbeth tries to back out of killing King Duncan. Almost immediately Macbeth’s personality changes, he decides to go ahead with the crime as if that will make him a man. Macbeth's Demise in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: essays research papers â€Å"Macbeth† is an age-old tragedy by, William Shakespeare, that tells the story of the disastrous down fall of Scotland and it’s Kings. The protagonist, Macbeth, starts out as a thriving Thane in Scotland, but ends up destroying his own prosperity as well as Scotland’s. Certain witches who tell people their fate convince Macbeth that he will be King and that his dear friend Banquo’s children will be kings. In an effort to be sure his prophecy is true and with some encouragement from his rash wife, he kills King Duncan, the current king of Scotland. To continue on this path of destruction Macbeth, acts on impulse and has his friend Banquo killed, because he is afraid that he killed Duncan for someone else’s fortune. Throughout the play Macbeth’s degeneration continues until the tragic ending when the country turns against him and seizes his castle. Macbeth’s demise can be attributed to his abandoning his belief in fate for a ne ed to prove his masculinity. Macbeth’s doubt in fate is not realized until later in the play. When he first meets the â€Å"weird sisters† they make prophecies that he finds impossible to be true. â€Å"But how of Cawdor? The thane of Cawdor lives, A prosperous gentleman, and to be king Stands not within the prospect of belief, No more than to be Cawdor.†(1.3.73-75). Macbeth doesn’t believe this because he knows that the Thane of Cawdor is still alive and that King Duncan’s sons are the heirs to the throne. His need to be masculine has not yet effected his belief in fate. Once Macbeth becomes Thane of Cawdor he is completely convinced that the predictions of the fate sisters are true â€Å"I chance will have be King, why chance may crown me. Without My Stir†¦Come what may, time and the hour runs through the roughest day†(1.3.145-150). This is the most trust in faith he will ever have. Shortly after Macbeth puts all his trust in fate, Lady Macbeth challenges his masculinity. â€Å" What beast wasn’t, then, that made you break this enterprise to me? When you durst do it, then you were a man,† (1.7.49-51). This is Lady Macbeth’s response when Macbeth tries to back out of killing King Duncan. Almost immediately Macbeth’s personality changes, he decides to go ahead with the crime as if that will make him a man.

Maritime Hull and Machinery Book report Essay

Introduction This book about the elements of shipping Emphasis is also placed on professionalism and the need to have the latest technology and professionally qualified personnel to operate a shipping service today. It remains essential reading for the shipping executive along with students and academics with an interest in the shipping industry. Hull and Machinery includes studies about cutting by a wedge of longitudinally stiffened plates for application to the grounding resistance of single hull and double hull ships. Two types of ship hull design were used as prototypes for the development of small scale models. A conventional longitudinally stiffened Single Hull (SH) and the Undirectionally Stiffened Double Hull (USDH) design. To model the cutting experiments the complex deformation patterns observed in the damaged specimens were simplified to obtain a closed-form upper bound for the steady state cutting force required for the USDH specimen. An existing closed-form upper bound solution for the wedge cutting initiation force of a single plate was applied to the longitudinally stiffened single hull specimens by smearing the geometry to obtain an equivalent thickness single plate. A total of eleven cutting experiments were conducted using six different wedge geometries. Early work in grounding prediction has been to perform plate cutting experiments which produced empirical formulas for the work to cut a flat plate. The main purpose of Hull and Machinery is to provide the ship owner with an expectation of status quo regarding a vessel’s operational ability during a maritime enterprise. Since marine perils are a risk that the ship owner assumes each venture. Improper design and the improper selection and use of materials is the primary cause of most non-damage related structural failures. Contrary to common belief, actual manufacturing defects only rarely figure into structural failures. It should come as no surprise to any surveyor that the ship building industry, much like the automotive industry which, after more than 70 years of mass production, backed up with their enormous financial resources, is still fraught with frequent design defects. Body Efforts have been quite significant in quantifying the force required to cut a single plate, but do not account for the effects of stiffeners and inner hull that exist in the actual geometry of ships. In order to adequately predict the lift and drag forces in a ship undergoing a grounding accident and the subsequent extent of damage. Global lifting of the ship against gravitational forces is done. There are Friction forces between the bottom hull plating and the grounding surface, plastic deformation of the hull girder, and forces required to fracture the hull structure. In grounding, the ship initially lifts and rides over the rock causing only hull indentation. Once the force due to the weight of the ship overcomes the plating membrane strength,   the hull plating ruptures. Kinetic energy of the ship is given up to friction forces, plastic deformation, and fracture as tearing over a length of the hull plating ensues. The work in this book report it does not account for the lifting and subsequent rupture of the ship, but assumes that the tearing of the hull plating is well progressed. The indentation and rupture of a ship hull is the structural design of a ship typically starts by determining the loading conditions that the ship will be experiencing during its service life. Normal operation includes loading conditions such as bending of the hull girder (hogging, sagging, and still water), cargo live loads, structural dead loads, liquid loads, cyclic fatigue, and exterior hydrostatic loads. The ship is also subjected to infrequent loads such as flooding and dry docking, and in the case of naval vessels, combat loads such as underwater explosions. The structure is designed, analyzed, and optimized to withstand the normal loads to some allowable stress level, and to remain intact under extreme loads subjected to a vertical load is considered a separate mechanism. Mission characteristics such as payload capacity and endurance determine the size of the ship. This establishes the length, beam, and depth of the ship, and, hence, the structural dimensions. Modern ships make use of this principle of construction. The said construction is the sum of its many parts while a fiberglass boat hull is essentially one component. The combination of molded hull and deck joined together creates a unified whole that is much stronger than the sum of its parts. But ships are proportionately far heavier and are subjected to different stresses. While the bottoms of hulls take the major brunt of stresses, and must be designed to withstand them, the construction still plays a major role in providing strength to the overall structure. In actual operation under heavy conditions, the hull sides of most boats will deflect to greater or lesser degrees depending on how well it is designed. This is the result of impact loading, bending and torsional loading on the hull caused by high velocity over waves, porpoising and so on. If you’ve ever wondered why there are ships have rub rails falling off and weak and damaged hull/deck joints, you probably thought that this was primarily due to hitting up against dock pilings. But the real reason is that there are ships who have poorly designed hull/deck joints that are simply lap joints screwed together. It is the stress transferred from the hull bottom to the hull sides and thence to hull/deck join that causes the screws that join these parts together to break loose. Putting screws into fiberglass is a terrible means of making connections. Screw joins are simply too weak to work effectively. Partial bulkheads are really nothing more than frames and do not serve any greater function than frames. It is a mistake to call a hull partition with two doors in it a bulkhead, for it is really only a partition or a partial bulkhead at best. Surveyors often mistake partitions for bulkheads. Remember that to be classified as such, a bulkhead must be serving the purpose of tying the four sides of the hull together (bottom, deck and sides). If the shot full of holes and openings, it’s not achieving that purpose. Conclusion It is important to be aware of the nuances and exclusions from Hull and Machinery cover as well as to be aware of cover options and requirements. For instance, although the ship, equipment and spare parts are covered by the Hull and Machinery insurance, loose items that accompany the ship in its trade, but which cannot be deemed to be a part of it, e.g. stores and supplies are covered under the ITCH, but not under the Plan. As a result, the ship owner may consider purchasing additional insurance cover for items falling outside of the Plan’s cover provisions. However, many times, the loss and/or damage of such items fall well below the deductive. Another important consideration is cover of items that are not normally on board the ship for an indefinite or prolonged period of time. The Plan’s prerequisite for covering equipment and spare parts under the Hull and Machinery cover is that they are normally on board. Therefore, an individual assessment should be made. Even less did I anticipate the effect on how the hull would handle with a 41% overall weight reduction. Scale model testing revealed the boat to be so light that it would pitch and roll so violently that it would be uninhabitable to human beings. It developed a whip-snap roll in a 3†² sea that would literally throw people off the deck. Or when pitching, launch them like a trampoline. However, there has been some extension into production building mainly so-called niche markets such as race boats, both power and sail. And to the extent that it is clear that the production boat building industry does not possess the necessary capital resources, nor the profit margins to sustain them, their incorporation of this technology into production building is very likely to continue along the lines of trial and error. What this portends for the surveyor are the risks of failing to locate design failures during surveys, failures involving design, materials and construction techniques that fall into the realm of the experimental. Make no mistake about it experimentation with new materials directly into a product is the norm, not the exception. With this basis understanding of the principles of good hull design, we can now begin to study the effects of what happens when these principles are violated. References Branch, Alan E. Elements of Shipping 7th Ed. Routledge Publication. N.Y. ISBN 0748760393 US Cost Guard Guide to Regulations for Passenger Vessels. (2001). http://www.uscg.mi/ng/9-m/nvic/301/n3-01.pdf Kahloism. (1971). Ship Construction. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3625174.html Shipping Container. (1974). http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3782619.html